Silvia Intro To Lang Part 2 Flashcards
Differences in event markers / sequential markers
In English, don’t indicate of you heard, deduced or created info, just the tense but in Turkish they say how they know info. Some say this means they place more emphasis on some types of info.
Lang and cog
2 diff views: nativists/modular say universal: all humans have similar mental representations, langs differ in the way they map the same thoughts into words. Lang doesn’t affect mental representations
Interactionists say linguistic relativity: lang influences our mental representations in some situations
Colour vocab experiment - davidoff
Mussel colour system is where colours are defined by hue, saturation and lightness/value put into numbers. English vs berinmo study: ps saw target chip from the system and say which is closest after 30s. Berinmo have limited range of colours, green and blue called by the same name. More errors in berinmo when picking between blue and green but for 2 shades of green, berinmo better as had diff boundaries. Shows discrimination from memory better when have names to refer
Winawer
using RT and rapid responses in russian vs english. Russian have diff names for dark vs light blue. Ps saw target and 2 others, had to quickly say which was closer to target. Argue russian should be faster, so labelling helps- found russian were faster.
Also did dual task: ps had to do the task while repeating numbers in their head, found no diff so verbal labels had no effect
Gilbert 2006
manipulated which hemi saw the colour first. Left hemi is where words are stored. Shown rings of colours, had to pick which was the odd one out, if odd one out is on the right, people were faster at iding as visual info went to left hemi as activating the names of colours.
Lang and cog in motion diff in countries
In english, use motion plus manner like sneak and then path/direction but for spanish/greek use motion and path like enter, exit and then manner like silently but not typically expressed so do spanish speakers attend less to manner of motion as words don’t.
Gennari 2002
Had animation 3 seconds long W a path and manner. Greek expected to say man approach snowman, English say man skating to the snowman. Either had to describe what they saw then memory test or just animation W memory test. When preparing to describe, Greek look more at the goal but no diff when just viewing. When committing to memory, fixate on last screen- lang may be used to memorise events so against universal view
Fausey 2011
in english, its possible to describe an accidental event without mentioning cause e.g. the vase was broken but spanish more likely to to say the vase broke itself but for intentionall actions, both encode the agent of the action. Spanish less lelikly to remember agents of accidental events , but equal for intentional
Lupyan 2010
Overspecification is the degree a Lang’s system attaches semantic info to a word stem. On a scale between exoteric (spoken by many from diff background) and esoteric (small group). Exoteric less likely to have multiple spec for past or future, more transparent relationships between form and meaning as more adult learners and esoteric share cultural knowledge and experience.
Japanese and code switchers generally
Japanese who were learning English stacked adverbials more often. Learning a lang W diff encoding path and motion affected gesture use in native lang. using cognates/words from same source that sound and look the same can trigger a switch to the other language. Some code switch for communicative power or aesthetics like in music. Dutch who spoke English given prisoners dilmma, in English chose more competitive as associated norms
