Signs, Triads, Hallmarks, Pathopnomonics, PE tests Flashcards
1
Q
clenched fist over chest
A
Levine sign -> stable angina
2
Q
lateral pressure on lesion causes epidermis separation
A
nikolskly sign -> pemphigus vulgaris, scalded staph syndrome
3
Q
fine coal dust/wet newspaper appearance on otoscopic exam
A
aspergillus otomycosis
4
Q
white sebaceous-like appearance on otoscopic exam
A
candidal otomycosis
5
Q
perihepatitis + PID
A
fitz hugh curtis syndrome
6
Q
cotton wool spots on macula and retina
A
non proliferative DM retinopathy
7
Q
cobblestoning of intestinal mucosa
A
crohn’s
8
Q
aphtous ulcers, perirectal abscesses, anorectal fistula
A
crohn’s
9
Q
dyspareiunia, dyschezia, dysmenorrhea
A
endometriosis
10
Q
cervical petechiae, strawberry/friable cervix
A
trichomonas vaginalis
11
Q
EKG findings of Hz spike nand wave discharges
A
absence sz
12
Q
young adult. gross hematuria, recent GI or respiratory infxn, arthralgia, rash, abd pain
A
IgA nephropathy (mc cause of glomerulonephritis)
13
Q
hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts
A
glomerulonephritis
14
Q
htn, edema (periorbital/peripheral), oliguria
A
post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
15
Q
asymptomatic microhematuria, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, ocular defects
A
alport syndrome
16
Q
perinuclcear antineutrophil cytoplasmic abs (pANCA)
A
polyangitis
17
Q
pyoderma gangrenosum
erythema nodosum
fever
weight loss
uveitis
arthritis
nephrolithiasis
A
Crohn’s
18
Q
flat macule or slightly raised plaque with irregular borders
A
superficial spreading melanoma
19
Q
melanoa mc in AA patient
A
acral lentiginous -> hands/feet
20
Q
melanoma mc in older pt on sun damaged area
A
lentigo maligna
21
Q
inflammation of extra ocular muscles
fat stranding
anterior displacement of the globe
A
orbital cellulitis
22
Q
urethritis, arthritis, conjunctivitis
A
reactive arthritis triad
can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree
23
Q
bilateral hilar adenopathy
A
sarcoidosis
24
Q
corneal opacity with penlight exam
takes up fluorescein stain
A
corneal ulcer
25
decrease in radial pulse with extension, abduction, and external rotation of the arm and extension/rotation of the head
adsons test -> thoracic outlet syndrome
26
pleural plaques/opacities
mesothelioma
27
EKG with "focal or lateralized sharp spikes and slow waves"
partial complex sz
28
reflex that promotes bradycardia, vasodilation, hypotension
berzold-jarisch reflex
29
terry thomas sign
scaphlunate dissociation
30
what is the ober test used to evaluate
tightness of IT band, tensor fascia lata, and gluteus maximus
31
vestibular neuritis + unilateral hearing loss
labyrinthitis
32
ghon complex
TB
33
rasmussen aneurysm
TB
34
drusen spots
macular degeneration
35
bilateral sacroillitis is an early hallmark finding of what disease
ankylosing spondylitis
36
syndesmophytes bridging across multiple vertebrae
bamboo spine -> ankylosing spondylitis
37
HLA DR4
RA
38
HLA D3 and HLA D4
T1DM
39
diseases associated w. HLA B27
**PAIR**
psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
IBD
reactive arthritis
40
samter's triad
asthma
ASA sensitivity
nasal polyps
41
dermatitis
diarrhea
dementia
pellagra -> B3 (niacin) deficiency
42
what is horner syndrome
ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis
43
bilateral flank ecchymosis
grey-turner sign -> pancreatitis
44
periumbilical ecchymosis
cullen sign -> pancreatitis
45
what is virchow's node
supraclavicular LAD -> GI malignancy
46
what is troisier sign
enlarged, hard virchow node
47
strawberry tongue
kawasaki disesase
48
breast tumor with leaf like pattern on histology
phyllodes tumor
49
auspitz sign
psoriasis -> punctuate bleeding spots that are seen when psoriasis scales are scraped off
50
chromosomes 9 and 22
CML -> Philadelphia chromosome
51
auer rods
AML
52
smudge cells
CLL
53
monday fever
increased bronchovascular markings
byssiniosis
54
eggshell calcifications of hilar nodes
silicosis
55
hereditary disorder associated w. COPD
alph-1 antitrypsin deficiency
56
what is this showing
deep sulcus sign -> PTX
*increased radiolucent costophrenic sulcus*
57
aquagenic pruritis
polycythemia vera
58
JAK 2 genetic mutation
polycythemia vera
59
hepatic venous outflow is obstructed dt a thrombus w.in a hepatic vein
budd chiari syndrome
60
Prussian blue stain
hereditary hemochromatosis
61
isolated thrombocytopenia <100,000
(normal Hgb, Hct, WBC)
immune thrombocytopenia of childhood
62
autoantibodies glycoprotein IIb/IIIA comlex
immune thrombocytopenia of childhood
63
apple core lesion
circumferential colorectal carcinoma
64
basophilic stipling
lead poisoning
thalassemias
etoh
heavy metal poisoning
65
what is charcot triad
jaundice
fever
RUQ pain
66
increased or altered sensitivity below the right scapula
boas sign -> cholecystitis
67
dendritic branches on fluorescein stain
HSV keratitis
68
rickettsia rickettssii
rocky mountain spotted fever
69
bilateral facial n palsy is pathognomonic for
lyme dz
70
malassezia
tinea versicolor genus
71
spaghetti and meatballs on KOH prep
tinea versicolor
72
what is this showing
pityriasis alba
73
what is this showing
tinea versicolor
74
what is this showing
tinea corporis -> ring worm
75
turner syndome and intracranial aneurysms
coarctation of the aorta
76
3 sign (rib notching on CXR)
coarctation of the aorta
77
cyanotic congenital heart defects (6)
tetralogy of fallot
tricuspid artresia
transposition of the great arteries
total anomalous pulmonary venous return
truncus arteriosus
ebstein's anomaly
78
boot shaped heart
tetralogy of fallot
79
wall to wall heart
ebstein's anomaly
80
congenital heart defects with male predominance
transposition of great vessels
aortic stenosis
coarctation
81
congenital heart defects with female predominance
PDA
pulmonary stenosis
ASD
VSD
82
what is this showing
erythema multiforme
83
blanching, erythematous macular rash that becomes petefchial over time
rmsf rash
84
treponema pallidum
syphilis
85
low frequency sensorineural hearing loss over 8-10 years
meniere disease
86
high frequency sensorineural hearing loss
prebycusis
87
rounded bilobed cells with owl's eye appearance
reed-sternberg cells
88
what do reed sternberg cells make you think of
hodgkin lymphoma
89
gallium 67 uptake in a pattern assembling lambda
sarcoidosis
90
monomorphic cells with starry sky appearance
burkitt lymphoma
91
waldeyer ring
pharyngeal ring of lymphoid tissue made of adenoid, tubal, palatine, lingual tonsils
92
thurston holland fragment
salter haris II fx
93
distal to proximal muscle weakness
guillain barre
94
prehn sign
relief of testicular pain with elevation -> epididymitis
95
CAG trinucleotide repetition
huntington disease
96
what is this showing and what is it pathopnomonic for
kayser-fleischer rings -> wilson disease
97
sustained blink response to repetitive tapping over the bridge of the nose
myerson sign -> parkinson's
98
virchow's triad
venous stasis
endothelial injury
hypercoagulability
99
mcginn white sign
S1Q3T3 pattern on ECG -> PE
100
batwing pattern in hilar area
CHF
101
blue sclera
osteogenesis imperfecta
102
EBCAM (B) gene mutation
Lynch syndrome
103
ML1H (C)
MSH2
MSH6
PMS (D)
mismatch gene mutations
lynch syndrome
104
erythema nodosum
uveitis
bilateral adenopathy
sarcoidosis
105
what is this showing
panda sign -> sarcoidosis
gallium uptake increased around lacrimal and parotid glands
106
what is this showing and what is it pathognomonic for
lupus pernio -> sarcoidosis
107
what is the blue dot sign
torsed ischemic appendix testis -> torsion of the appendix and testicle
108
what is myerson sign
sustained blinking with repetitive tapping over the bridge of the nose -> parkinson's
109
non purulent parotitis
mumps
110
heinz bodies
bite cells
hemolysis -> G6PD
111
rash
fever
eosinophilia
recent abx therapy
nephritic syndrome
111
rash
fever
eosinophilia
recent abx therapy
nephritic syndrome
112
PIGA gene mutation
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
113
cherry red spot in the macula
boxcar appearance
acute retinal artery occlusion
114
blood and thunder appearance on fundoscopic exam
central retinal vein occlusion
115
bitot spots
vitamin A deficiency
116
wernicke korsakoff syndrome
thiamine (B1) defiiency
117
cheilosis
corneal vascularization
riboflavin (B2) deficiency
118
sideroblastic anemia
convulsions
peripheral neuropathy
pyridoxine (B6) deficiency
119
increased bleeding
increased PTT and PT
vitamin K deficiency
120
which cardiac biomarker is released earliest in setting of MI
myoglobin
121
petechiae
purpura
gingival bleeding
immune thrombocytopenia of childhood
122
painless, bright red vaginal bleeding
usually in third trimester
placenta previa
123
round, oozing, crusting erosions on the arms and legs
nummular eczema
124
small, oval, thick scaling plaques
pityriasis rosea
125
thin, scaly, lesions w. central clearing
tinea corporis
126
koilonychia
atrophic glossitis
angular cheillosis
IDA
127
howell-jolly bodies
SSA
asplenia
128
schistocytes
fragmented RBC -> hemolysis
129
aortic stenosis triad
exertional angina
dyspnea
presyncope (dizzy)
130
velvety, waxy lesions w. "stuck on" apperance
seborrheic keratosis
131
rapid appearance of multiple SK lesions associated w. GI malignancy
leser-trelat sign
132
oozing, crusting, honey colored rash
impetigo
133
fever
tonsillar pharyngitis
post cervical chain LAD
mono
134
jugular venous A wave
left parasternal lift
pulmonary stenosis
135
fluttering sensation in the neck
fatigue, cold extremities
tricuspid stenosis
136
ixodes scapularis
lyme dz
137
erythema migrans is pathognomonic for
lyme dz
138
pain w. eye movement
opththalmoplegia
proptosis
orbital cellulitis
139
coalescing erythematous macules w. purpuric centers
SJS: < 30% BSA
TEN: > 30% BSA
140
delayed/diminished carotid pulses
paradoxically split S2
S4 gallop
narrow pulse pressure
aortic stenosis
141
salmonellosis
PLUS
osteomyelitis
SSA
142
russell sign
callouses, abrasions, scarring on knuckles in bulimia pt
143
triangular lesion that involves the cornea
pterygium
144
triangular lesion that is limited to the conjunctiva
pinguecula
145
malar rash that spares the nasolabial folds is pathognomonic for
SLE (butterfly rash)
146
telangiectasia rash
rosacea
147
what does HIPPS stand for
drugs that cause SLE:
hydralazine
INH
procainimide
phenytoin
sulfonamides
148
what is the pull test and what does it make you think of
individual hairs on head are easily dislodged
alopecia areata
149
exclamation mark hairs
alopecia areata
150
pruritic, scarring hair loss
tinea capitis
151
nonscarring hair loss
alopecia
152
symmetriaclly distributed, coalescent, hyperpigmented macules in exposed areas of the face
melasma
153
hyperpigmented coalesent macules in sun exposed areas of the body
solar lentingines
154
cholasma
melasma during pregnancy
155
podagra
acute onset of pain in first MTP -> gout
156
comedome
acne vulgaris
blackheads/whiteheads
157
purple, pruritic, polygonal, papular plaques
ankles wrists, genital/oral mucosa
lichen planus
158
raised, pruritic, target-like lesions w. 2 zones of color change
SJS
TEN
159
bright red plaque w. raised and sharply demarcated borders
erysipelas
160
pink/salmon colored herald patch w. a collarette of scale
pityriasis rosea
161
papulosquamos eruption along lines of cleavage of the skin
mc in fall/spring
pityriasis rosea -> christmas tree rash
162
what does PALM stand for
polyp
adenomyosis
leiomyoma
malignancy
structural causes of AUB
163
what does coine stand for
coagulopathy
ovulatory dysfxn
iatorgenic
not yet classified
endometrial
nonstrutural causes of AUB
164
antihistone antibody
SLE
165
inability to maintain sustained posture w. subsequent brief, shock-like involuntary movements
asterixis -> hepatic encephalopathy
166
UGT1A1 gene mutation
gilbert syndrome
167
reduced production of uridine 5'diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase ->elevated unconjugated or indirect bilirubin levels
gilbert syndrome
168
intermittent jaundice
otherwise asymptomatic
gilbert syndrome
169
tiny, weeping vesicles and crusted lesions in a linear distribution
poison ivy
170
erythematous maculopapular lesions extending outward from vesicular lesions, intensely pruritic
allergic contact dermatitis
171
erythematous, burning, scaly lesions
irritant contact dermatitis
172
Id reaction
generalized cutaneous rxn in areas not exposed to allergen -> allergic contact dermatitis
173
painless, progressive visual field defect
curtain moving across the eye
increase in floaters
retinal detachment
174
fluid behind retina
vitreous detachment
retinal detachment
175
cobweb appearance
photopsia
visual field defect
retinal detachment
176
protrusion of uveal content
tear drop pupil
eccentric pupil
open globe injury
177
hazy, gray retina with white folds
retinal detachment
178
placenta covers the cervical os by 2 cm
placenta previa
179
white centered retinal hemorrhage
roth spot -> endocarditis
180
what is this showing
heinz bodies
181
lung bx finding of "noncaseating granulomas"
sarcoidosis
182
APC genetic mutation
FAP
183
what is this showing
auer rod -> AML
184
fever
trismus
drooling
peritonsillar abscess
185
hot potato voice
peritonsillar abscess
