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EOR: Family Med > Signs, Triads, Hallmarks, Pathopnomonics, PE tests > Flashcards

Signs, Triads, Hallmarks, Pathopnomonics, PE tests Flashcards

1
Q

clenched fist over chest

A

Levine sign -> stable angina

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2
Q

lateral pressure on lesion causes epidermis separation

A

nikolskly sign -> pemphigus vulgaris, scalded staph syndrome

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3
Q

fine coal dust/wet newspaper appearance on otoscopic exam

A

aspergillus otomycosis

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4
Q

white sebaceous-like appearance on otoscopic exam

A

candidal otomycosis

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5
Q

perihepatitis + PID

A

fitz hugh curtis syndrome

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6
Q

cotton wool spots on macula and retina

A

non proliferative DM retinopathy

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7
Q

cobblestoning of intestinal mucosa

A

crohn’s

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8
Q

aphtous ulcers, perirectal abscesses, anorectal fistula

A

crohn’s

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9
Q

dyspareiunia, dyschezia, dysmenorrhea

A

endometriosis

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10
Q

cervical petechiae, strawberry/friable cervix

A

trichomonas vaginalis

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11
Q

EKG findings of Hz spike nand wave discharges

A

absence sz

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12
Q

young adult. gross hematuria, recent GI or respiratory infxn, arthralgia, rash, abd pain

A

IgA nephropathy (mc cause of glomerulonephritis)

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13
Q

hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts

A

glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

htn, edema (periorbital/peripheral), oliguria

A

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

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15
Q

asymptomatic microhematuria, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, ocular defects

A

alport syndrome

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16
Q

perinuclcear antineutrophil cytoplasmic abs (pANCA)

A

polyangitis

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17
Q

pyoderma gangrenosum
erythema nodosum
fever
weight loss
uveitis
arthritis
nephrolithiasis

A

Crohn’s

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18
Q

flat macule or slightly raised plaque with irregular borders

A

superficial spreading melanoma

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19
Q

melanoa mc in AA patient

A

acral lentiginous -> hands/feet

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20
Q

melanoma mc in older pt on sun damaged area

A

lentigo maligna

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21
Q

inflammation of extra ocular muscles
fat stranding
anterior displacement of the globe

A

orbital cellulitis

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22
Q

urethritis, arthritis, conjunctivitis

A

reactive arthritis triad
can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree

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23
Q

bilateral hilar adenopathy

A

sarcoidosis

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24
Q

corneal opacity with penlight exam
takes up fluorescein stain

A

corneal ulcer

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25
Q

decrease in radial pulse with extension, abduction, and external rotation of the arm and extension/rotation of the head

A

adsons test -> thoracic outlet syndrome

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26
Q

pleural plaques/opacities

A

mesothelioma

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27
Q

EKG with “focal or lateralized sharp spikes and slow waves”

A

partial complex sz

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28
Q

reflex that promotes bradycardia, vasodilation, hypotension

A

berzold-jarisch reflex

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29
Q

terry thomas sign

A

scaphlunate dissociation

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30
Q

what is the ober test used to evaluate

A

tightness of IT band, tensor fascia lata, and gluteus maximus

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31
Q

vestibular neuritis + unilateral hearing loss

A

labyrinthitis

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32
Q

ghon complex

A

TB

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33
Q

rasmussen aneurysm

A

TB

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34
Q

drusen spots

A

macular degeneration

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35
Q

bilateral sacroillitis is an early hallmark finding of what disease

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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36
Q

syndesmophytes bridging across multiple vertebrae

A

bamboo spine -> ankylosing spondylitis

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37
Q

HLA DR4

A

RA

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38
Q

HLA D3 and HLA D4

A

T1DM

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39
Q

diseases associated w. HLA B27

A

PAIR
psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
IBD
reactive arthritis

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40
Q

samter’s triad

A

asthma
ASA sensitivity
nasal polyps

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41
Q

dermatitis
diarrhea
dementia

A

pellagra -> B3 (niacin) deficiency

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42
Q

what is horner syndrome

A

ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis

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43
Q

bilateral flank ecchymosis

A

grey-turner sign -> pancreatitis

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44
Q

periumbilical ecchymosis

A

cullen sign -> pancreatitis

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45
Q

what is virchow’s node

A

supraclavicular LAD -> GI malignancy

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46
Q

what is troisier sign

A

enlarged, hard virchow node

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47
Q

strawberry tongue

A

kawasaki disesase

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48
Q

breast tumor with leaf like pattern on histology

A

phyllodes tumor

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49
Q

auspitz sign

A

psoriasis -> punctuate bleeding spots that are seen when psoriasis scales are scraped off

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50
Q

chromosomes 9 and 22

A

CML -> Philadelphia chromosome

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51
Q

auer rods

A

AML

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52
Q

smudge cells

A

CLL

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53
Q

monday fever
increased bronchovascular markings

A

byssiniosis

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54
Q

eggshell calcifications of hilar nodes

A

silicosis

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55
Q

hereditary disorder associated w. COPD

A

alph-1 antitrypsin deficiency

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56
Q

what is this showing

A

deep sulcus sign -> PTX
increased radiolucent costophrenic sulcus

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57
Q

aquagenic pruritis

A

polycythemia vera

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58
Q

JAK 2 genetic mutation

A

polycythemia vera

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59
Q

hepatic venous outflow is obstructed dt a thrombus w.in a hepatic vein

A

budd chiari syndrome

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60
Q

Prussian blue stain

A

hereditary hemochromatosis

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61
Q

isolated thrombocytopenia <100,000
(normal Hgb, Hct, WBC)

A

immune thrombocytopenia of childhood

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62
Q

autoantibodies glycoprotein IIb/IIIA comlex

A

immune thrombocytopenia of childhood

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63
Q

apple core lesion

A

circumferential colorectal carcinoma

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64
Q

basophilic stipling

A

lead poisoning
thalassemias
etoh
heavy metal poisoning

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65
Q

what is charcot triad

A

jaundice
fever
RUQ pain

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66
Q

increased or altered sensitivity below the right scapula

A

boas sign -> cholecystitis

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67
Q

dendritic branches on fluorescein stain

A

HSV keratitis

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68
Q

rickettsia rickettssii

A

rocky mountain spotted fever

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69
Q

bilateral facial n palsy is pathognomonic for

A

lyme dz

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70
Q

malassezia

A

tinea versicolor genus

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71
Q

spaghetti and meatballs on KOH prep

A

tinea versicolor

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72
Q

what is this showing

A

pityriasis alba

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73
Q

what is this showing

A

tinea versicolor

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74
Q

what is this showing

A

tinea corporis -> ring worm

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75
Q

turner syndome and intracranial aneurysms

A

coarctation of the aorta

76
Q

3 sign (rib notching on CXR)

A

coarctation of the aorta

77
Q

cyanotic congenital heart defects (6)

A

tetralogy of fallot
tricuspid artresia
transposition of the great arteries
total anomalous pulmonary venous return
truncus arteriosus
ebstein’s anomaly

78
Q

boot shaped heart

A

tetralogy of fallot

79
Q

wall to wall heart

A

ebstein’s anomaly

80
Q

congenital heart defects with male predominance

A

transposition of great vessels
aortic stenosis
coarctation

81
Q

congenital heart defects with female predominance

A

PDA
pulmonary stenosis
ASD
VSD

82
Q

what is this showing

A

erythema multiforme

83
Q

blanching, erythematous macular rash that becomes petefchial over time

A

rmsf rash

84
Q

treponema pallidum

A

syphilis

85
Q

low frequency sensorineural hearing loss over 8-10 years

A

meniere disease

86
Q

high frequency sensorineural hearing loss

A

prebycusis

87
Q

rounded bilobed cells with owl’s eye appearance

A

reed-sternberg cells

88
Q

what do reed sternberg cells make you think of

A

hodgkin lymphoma

89
Q

gallium 67 uptake in a pattern assembling lambda

A

sarcoidosis

90
Q

monomorphic cells with starry sky appearance

A

burkitt lymphoma

91
Q

waldeyer ring

A

pharyngeal ring of lymphoid tissue made of adenoid, tubal, palatine, lingual tonsils

92
Q

thurston holland fragment

A

salter haris II fx

93
Q

distal to proximal muscle weakness

A

guillain barre

94
Q

prehn sign

A

relief of testicular pain with elevation -> epididymitis

95
Q

CAG trinucleotide repetition

A

huntington disease

96
Q

what is this showing and what is it pathopnomonic for

A

kayser-fleischer rings -> wilson disease

97
Q

sustained blink response to repetitive tapping over the bridge of the nose

A

myerson sign -> parkinson’s

98
Q

virchow’s triad

A

venous stasis
endothelial injury
hypercoagulability

99
Q

mcginn white sign

A

S1Q3T3 pattern on ECG -> PE

100
Q

batwing pattern in hilar area

A

CHF

101
Q

blue sclera

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

102
Q

EBCAM (B) gene mutation

A

Lynch syndrome

103
Q

ML1H (C)
MSH2
MSH6
PMS (D)
mismatch gene mutations

A

lynch syndrome

104
Q

erythema nodosum
uveitis
bilateral adenopathy

A

sarcoidosis

105
Q

what is this showing

A

panda sign -> sarcoidosis

gallium uptake increased around lacrimal and parotid glands

106
Q

what is this showing and what is it pathognomonic for

A

lupus pernio -> sarcoidosis

107
Q

what is the blue dot sign

A

torsed ischemic appendix testis -> torsion of the appendix and testicle

108
Q

what is myerson sign

A

sustained blinking with repetitive tapping over the bridge of the nose -> parkinson’s

109
Q

non purulent parotitis

A

mumps

110
Q

heinz bodies
bite cells

A

hemolysis -> G6PD

111
Q

rash
fever
eosinophilia

recent abx therapy

A

nephritic syndrome

111
Q

rash
fever
eosinophilia

recent abx therapy

A

nephritic syndrome

112
Q

PIGA gene mutation

A

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

113
Q

cherry red spot in the macula
boxcar appearance

A

acute retinal artery occlusion

114
Q

blood and thunder appearance on fundoscopic exam

A

central retinal vein occlusion

115
Q

bitot spots

A

vitamin A deficiency

116
Q

wernicke korsakoff syndrome

A

thiamine (B1) defiiency

117
Q

cheilosis
corneal vascularization

A

riboflavin (B2) deficiency

118
Q

sideroblastic anemia
convulsions
peripheral neuropathy

A

pyridoxine (B6) deficiency

119
Q

increased bleeding
increased PTT and PT

A

vitamin K deficiency

120
Q

which cardiac biomarker is released earliest in setting of MI

A

myoglobin

121
Q

petechiae
purpura
gingival bleeding

A

immune thrombocytopenia of childhood

122
Q

painless, bright red vaginal bleeding
usually in third trimester

A

placenta previa

123
Q

round, oozing, crusting erosions on the arms and legs

A

nummular eczema

124
Q

small, oval, thick scaling plaques

A

pityriasis rosea

125
Q

thin, scaly, lesions w. central clearing

A

tinea corporis

126
Q

koilonychia
atrophic glossitis
angular cheillosis

A

IDA

127
Q

howell-jolly bodies

A

SSA
asplenia

128
Q

schistocytes

A

fragmented RBC -> hemolysis

129
Q

aortic stenosis triad

A

exertional angina
dyspnea
presyncope (dizzy)

130
Q

velvety, waxy lesions w. “stuck on” apperance

A

seborrheic keratosis

131
Q

rapid appearance of multiple SK lesions associated w. GI malignancy

A

leser-trelat sign

132
Q

oozing, crusting, honey colored rash

A

impetigo

133
Q

fever
tonsillar pharyngitis
post cervical chain LAD

A

mono

134
Q

jugular venous A wave
left parasternal lift

A

pulmonary stenosis

135
Q

fluttering sensation in the neck
fatigue, cold extremities

A

tricuspid stenosis

136
Q

ixodes scapularis

A

lyme dz

137
Q

erythema migrans is pathognomonic for

A

lyme dz

138
Q

pain w. eye movement
opththalmoplegia
proptosis

A

orbital cellulitis

139
Q

coalescing erythematous macules w. purpuric centers

A

SJS: < 30% BSA
TEN: > 30% BSA

140
Q

delayed/diminished carotid pulses
paradoxically split S2
S4 gallop
narrow pulse pressure

A

aortic stenosis

141
Q

salmonellosis
PLUS
osteomyelitis

A

SSA

142
Q

russell sign

A

callouses, abrasions, scarring on knuckles in bulimia pt

143
Q

triangular lesion that involves the cornea

A

pterygium

144
Q

triangular lesion that is limited to the conjunctiva

A

pinguecula

145
Q

malar rash that spares the nasolabial folds is pathognomonic for

A

SLE (butterfly rash)

146
Q

telangiectasia rash

A

rosacea

147
Q

what does HIPPS stand for

A

drugs that cause SLE:
hydralazine
INH
procainimide
phenytoin
sulfonamides

148
Q

what is the pull test and what does it make you think of

A

individual hairs on head are easily dislodged
alopecia areata

149
Q

exclamation mark hairs

A

alopecia areata

150
Q

pruritic, scarring hair loss

A

tinea capitis

151
Q

nonscarring hair loss

A

alopecia

152
Q

symmetriaclly distributed, coalescent, hyperpigmented macules in exposed areas of the face

A

melasma

153
Q

hyperpigmented coalesent macules in sun exposed areas of the body

A

solar lentingines

154
Q

cholasma

A

melasma during pregnancy

155
Q

podagra

A

acute onset of pain in first MTP -> gout

156
Q

comedome

A

acne vulgaris

blackheads/whiteheads

157
Q

purple, pruritic, polygonal, papular plaques
ankles wrists, genital/oral mucosa

A

lichen planus

158
Q

raised, pruritic, target-like lesions w. 2 zones of color change

A

SJS
TEN

159
Q

bright red plaque w. raised and sharply demarcated borders

A

erysipelas

160
Q

pink/salmon colored herald patch w. a collarette of scale

A

pityriasis rosea

161
Q

papulosquamos eruption along lines of cleavage of the skin

mc in fall/spring

A

pityriasis rosea -> christmas tree rash

162
Q

what does PALM stand for

A

polyp
adenomyosis
leiomyoma
malignancy

structural causes of AUB

163
Q

what does coine stand for

A

coagulopathy
ovulatory dysfxn
iatorgenic
not yet classified
endometrial

nonstrutural causes of AUB

164
Q

antihistone antibody

A

SLE

165
Q

inability to maintain sustained posture w. subsequent brief, shock-like involuntary movements

A

asterixis -> hepatic encephalopathy

166
Q

UGT1A1 gene mutation

A

gilbert syndrome

167
Q

reduced production of uridine 5’diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase ->elevated unconjugated or indirect bilirubin levels

A

gilbert syndrome

168
Q

intermittent jaundice
otherwise asymptomatic

A

gilbert syndrome

169
Q

tiny, weeping vesicles and crusted lesions in a linear distribution

A

poison ivy

170
Q

erythematous maculopapular lesions extending outward from vesicular lesions, intensely pruritic

A

allergic contact dermatitis

171
Q

erythematous, burning, scaly lesions

A

irritant contact dermatitis

172
Q

Id reaction

A

generalized cutaneous rxn in areas not exposed to allergen -> allergic contact dermatitis

173
Q

painless, progressive visual field defect
curtain moving across the eye
increase in floaters

A

retinal detachment

174
Q

fluid behind retina
vitreous detachment

A

retinal detachment

175
Q

cobweb appearance
photopsia
visual field defect

A

retinal detachment

176
Q

protrusion of uveal content
tear drop pupil
eccentric pupil

A

open globe injury

177
Q

hazy, gray retina with white folds

A

retinal detachment

178
Q

placenta covers the cervical os by 2 cm

A

placenta previa

179
Q

white centered retinal hemorrhage

A

roth spot -> endocarditis

180
Q

what is this showing

A

heinz bodies

181
Q

lung bx finding of “noncaseating granulomas”

A

sarcoidosis

182
Q

APC genetic mutation

A

FAP

183
Q

what is this showing

A

auer rod -> AML

184
Q

fever
trismus
drooling

A

peritonsillar abscess

185
Q

hot potato voice

A

peritonsillar abscess

EOR: Family Med (7 decks)

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