Signs, Triads, Hallmarks, Pathopnomonics, PE tests Flashcards
clenched fist over chest
Levine sign -> stable angina
lateral pressure on lesion causes epidermis separation
nikolskly sign -> pemphigus vulgaris, scalded staph syndrome
fine coal dust/wet newspaper appearance on otoscopic exam
aspergillus otomycosis
white sebaceous-like appearance on otoscopic exam
candidal otomycosis
perihepatitis + PID
fitz hugh curtis syndrome
cotton wool spots on macula and retina
non proliferative DM retinopathy
cobblestoning of intestinal mucosa
crohn’s
aphtous ulcers, perirectal abscesses, anorectal fistula
crohn’s
dyspareiunia, dyschezia, dysmenorrhea
endometriosis
cervical petechiae, strawberry/friable cervix
trichomonas vaginalis
EKG findings of Hz spike nand wave discharges
absence sz
young adult. gross hematuria, recent GI or respiratory infxn, arthralgia, rash, abd pain
IgA nephropathy (mc cause of glomerulonephritis)
hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts
glomerulonephritis
htn, edema (periorbital/peripheral), oliguria
post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
asymptomatic microhematuria, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, ocular defects
alport syndrome
perinuclcear antineutrophil cytoplasmic abs (pANCA)
polyangitis
pyoderma gangrenosum
erythema nodosum
fever
weight loss
uveitis
arthritis
nephrolithiasis
Crohn’s
flat macule or slightly raised plaque with irregular borders
superficial spreading melanoma
melanoa mc in AA patient
acral lentiginous -> hands/feet
melanoma mc in older pt on sun damaged area
lentigo maligna
inflammation of extra ocular muscles
fat stranding
anterior displacement of the globe
orbital cellulitis
urethritis, arthritis, conjunctivitis
reactive arthritis triad
can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree
bilateral hilar adenopathy
sarcoidosis
corneal opacity with penlight exam
takes up fluorescein stain
corneal ulcer
decrease in radial pulse with extension, abduction, and external rotation of the arm and extension/rotation of the head
adsons test -> thoracic outlet syndrome
pleural plaques/opacities
mesothelioma
EKG with “focal or lateralized sharp spikes and slow waves”
partial complex sz
reflex that promotes bradycardia, vasodilation, hypotension
berzold-jarisch reflex
terry thomas sign
scaphlunate dissociation
what is the ober test used to evaluate
tightness of IT band, tensor fascia lata, and gluteus maximus
vestibular neuritis + unilateral hearing loss
labyrinthitis
ghon complex
TB
rasmussen aneurysm
TB
drusen spots
macular degeneration
bilateral sacroillitis is an early hallmark finding of what disease
ankylosing spondylitis
syndesmophytes bridging across multiple vertebrae
bamboo spine -> ankylosing spondylitis
HLA DR4
RA
HLA D3 and HLA D4
T1DM
diseases associated w. HLA B27
PAIR
psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
IBD
reactive arthritis
samter’s triad
asthma
ASA sensitivity
nasal polyps
dermatitis
diarrhea
dementia
pellagra -> B3 (niacin) deficiency
what is horner syndrome
ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis
bilateral flank ecchymosis
grey-turner sign -> pancreatitis
periumbilical ecchymosis
cullen sign -> pancreatitis
what is virchow’s node
supraclavicular LAD -> GI malignancy
what is troisier sign
enlarged, hard virchow node
strawberry tongue
kawasaki disesase
breast tumor with leaf like pattern on histology
phyllodes tumor
auspitz sign
psoriasis -> punctuate bleeding spots that are seen when psoriasis scales are scraped off
chromosomes 9 and 22
CML -> Philadelphia chromosome
auer rods
AML
smudge cells
CLL
monday fever
increased bronchovascular markings
byssiniosis
eggshell calcifications of hilar nodes
silicosis
hereditary disorder associated w. COPD
alph-1 antitrypsin deficiency
what is this showing
deep sulcus sign -> PTX
increased radiolucent costophrenic sulcus
aquagenic pruritis
polycythemia vera
JAK 2 genetic mutation
polycythemia vera
hepatic venous outflow is obstructed dt a thrombus w.in a hepatic vein
budd chiari syndrome
Prussian blue stain
hereditary hemochromatosis
isolated thrombocytopenia <100,000
(normal Hgb, Hct, WBC)
immune thrombocytopenia of childhood
autoantibodies glycoprotein IIb/IIIA comlex
immune thrombocytopenia of childhood
apple core lesion
circumferential colorectal carcinoma
basophilic stipling
lead poisoning
thalassemias
etoh
heavy metal poisoning
what is charcot triad
jaundice
fever
RUQ pain
increased or altered sensitivity below the right scapula
boas sign -> cholecystitis
dendritic branches on fluorescein stain
HSV keratitis
rickettsia rickettssii
rocky mountain spotted fever
bilateral facial n palsy is pathognomonic for
lyme dz
malassezia
tinea versicolor genus
spaghetti and meatballs on KOH prep
tinea versicolor
what is this showing
pityriasis alba
what is this showing
tinea versicolor
what is this showing
tinea corporis -> ring worm
turner syndome and intracranial aneurysms
coarctation of the aorta
3 sign (rib notching on CXR)
coarctation of the aorta
cyanotic congenital heart defects (6)
tetralogy of fallot
tricuspid artresia
transposition of the great arteries
total anomalous pulmonary venous return
truncus arteriosus
ebstein’s anomaly
boot shaped heart
tetralogy of fallot
wall to wall heart
ebstein’s anomaly
congenital heart defects with male predominance
transposition of great vessels
aortic stenosis
coarctation
congenital heart defects with female predominance
PDA
pulmonary stenosis
ASD
VSD
what is this showing
erythema multiforme
blanching, erythematous macular rash that becomes petefchial over time
rmsf rash
treponema pallidum
syphilis
low frequency sensorineural hearing loss over 8-10 years
meniere disease
high frequency sensorineural hearing loss
prebycusis
rounded bilobed cells with owl’s eye appearance
reed-sternberg cells
what do reed sternberg cells make you think of
hodgkin lymphoma
gallium 67 uptake in a pattern assembling lambda
sarcoidosis
monomorphic cells with starry sky appearance
burkitt lymphoma
waldeyer ring
pharyngeal ring of lymphoid tissue made of adenoid, tubal, palatine, lingual tonsils
thurston holland fragment
salter haris II fx
distal to proximal muscle weakness
guillain barre
prehn sign
relief of testicular pain with elevation -> epididymitis
CAG trinucleotide repetition
huntington disease
what is this showing and what is it pathopnomonic for
kayser-fleischer rings -> wilson disease
sustained blink response to repetitive tapping over the bridge of the nose
myerson sign -> parkinson’s
virchow’s triad
venous stasis
endothelial injury
hypercoagulability
mcginn white sign
S1Q3T3 pattern on ECG -> PE
batwing pattern in hilar area
CHF
blue sclera
osteogenesis imperfecta
EBCAM (B) gene mutation
Lynch syndrome
ML1H (C)
MSH2
MSH6
PMS (D)
mismatch gene mutations
lynch syndrome
erythema nodosum
uveitis
bilateral adenopathy
sarcoidosis
what is this showing
panda sign -> sarcoidosis
gallium uptake increased around lacrimal and parotid glands
what is this showing and what is it pathognomonic for
lupus pernio -> sarcoidosis
what is the blue dot sign
torsed ischemic appendix testis -> torsion of the appendix and testicle
what is myerson sign
sustained blinking with repetitive tapping over the bridge of the nose -> parkinson’s
non purulent parotitis
mumps
heinz bodies
bite cells
hemolysis -> G6PD
rash
fever
eosinophilia
recent abx therapy
nephritic syndrome
rash
fever
eosinophilia
recent abx therapy
nephritic syndrome
PIGA gene mutation
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
cherry red spot in the macula
boxcar appearance
acute retinal artery occlusion
blood and thunder appearance on fundoscopic exam
central retinal vein occlusion
bitot spots
vitamin A deficiency
wernicke korsakoff syndrome
thiamine (B1) defiiency
cheilosis
corneal vascularization
riboflavin (B2) deficiency
sideroblastic anemia
convulsions
peripheral neuropathy
pyridoxine (B6) deficiency
increased bleeding
increased PTT and PT
vitamin K deficiency
which cardiac biomarker is released earliest in setting of MI
myoglobin
petechiae
purpura
gingival bleeding
immune thrombocytopenia of childhood
painless, bright red vaginal bleeding
usually in third trimester
placenta previa
round, oozing, crusting erosions on the arms and legs
nummular eczema
small, oval, thick scaling plaques
pityriasis rosea
thin, scaly, lesions w. central clearing
tinea corporis
koilonychia
atrophic glossitis
angular cheillosis
IDA
howell-jolly bodies
SSA
asplenia
schistocytes
fragmented RBC -> hemolysis
aortic stenosis triad
exertional angina
dyspnea
presyncope (dizzy)
velvety, waxy lesions w. “stuck on” apperance
seborrheic keratosis
rapid appearance of multiple SK lesions associated w. GI malignancy
leser-trelat sign
oozing, crusting, honey colored rash
impetigo
fever
tonsillar pharyngitis
post cervical chain LAD
mono
jugular venous A wave
left parasternal lift
pulmonary stenosis
fluttering sensation in the neck
fatigue, cold extremities
tricuspid stenosis
ixodes scapularis
lyme dz
erythema migrans is pathognomonic for
lyme dz
pain w. eye movement
opththalmoplegia
proptosis
orbital cellulitis
coalescing erythematous macules w. purpuric centers
SJS: < 30% BSA
TEN: > 30% BSA
delayed/diminished carotid pulses
paradoxically split S2
S4 gallop
narrow pulse pressure
aortic stenosis
salmonellosis
PLUS
osteomyelitis
SSA
russell sign
callouses, abrasions, scarring on knuckles in bulimia pt
triangular lesion that involves the cornea
pterygium
triangular lesion that is limited to the conjunctiva
pinguecula
malar rash that spares the nasolabial folds is pathognomonic for
SLE (butterfly rash)
telangiectasia rash
rosacea
what does HIPPS stand for
drugs that cause SLE:
hydralazine
INH
procainimide
phenytoin
sulfonamides
what is the pull test and what does it make you think of
individual hairs on head are easily dislodged
alopecia areata
exclamation mark hairs
alopecia areata
pruritic, scarring hair loss
tinea capitis
nonscarring hair loss
alopecia
symmetriaclly distributed, coalescent, hyperpigmented macules in exposed areas of the face
melasma
hyperpigmented coalesent macules in sun exposed areas of the body
solar lentingines
cholasma
melasma during pregnancy
podagra
acute onset of pain in first MTP -> gout
comedome
acne vulgaris
blackheads/whiteheads
purple, pruritic, polygonal, papular plaques
ankles wrists, genital/oral mucosa
lichen planus
raised, pruritic, target-like lesions w. 2 zones of color change
SJS
TEN
bright red plaque w. raised and sharply demarcated borders
erysipelas
pink/salmon colored herald patch w. a collarette of scale
pityriasis rosea
papulosquamos eruption along lines of cleavage of the skin
mc in fall/spring
pityriasis rosea -> christmas tree rash
what does PALM stand for
polyp
adenomyosis
leiomyoma
malignancy
structural causes of AUB
what does coine stand for
coagulopathy
ovulatory dysfxn
iatorgenic
not yet classified
endometrial
nonstrutural causes of AUB
antihistone antibody
SLE
inability to maintain sustained posture w. subsequent brief, shock-like involuntary movements
asterixis -> hepatic encephalopathy
UGT1A1 gene mutation
gilbert syndrome
reduced production of uridine 5’diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase ->elevated unconjugated or indirect bilirubin levels
gilbert syndrome
intermittent jaundice
otherwise asymptomatic
gilbert syndrome
tiny, weeping vesicles and crusted lesions in a linear distribution
poison ivy
erythematous maculopapular lesions extending outward from vesicular lesions, intensely pruritic
allergic contact dermatitis
erythematous, burning, scaly lesions
irritant contact dermatitis
Id reaction
generalized cutaneous rxn in areas not exposed to allergen -> allergic contact dermatitis
painless, progressive visual field defect
curtain moving across the eye
increase in floaters
retinal detachment
fluid behind retina
vitreous detachment
retinal detachment
cobweb appearance
photopsia
visual field defect
retinal detachment
protrusion of uveal content
tear drop pupil
eccentric pupil
open globe injury
hazy, gray retina with white folds
retinal detachment
placenta covers the cervical os by 2 cm
placenta previa
white centered retinal hemorrhage
roth spot -> endocarditis
what is this showing
heinz bodies
lung bx finding of “noncaseating granulomas”
sarcoidosis
APC genetic mutation
FAP
what is this showing
auer rod -> AML
fever
trismus
drooling
peritonsillar abscess
hot potato voice
peritonsillar abscess
