Signs of Respiratory Disease Flashcards
What is dyspnoea?
Respiratory distress
What is hyperpnoea?
Increased depth of breathing
What binds to the M1 and M3 receptors to cause bronchoconstriction?
ach
What receptor does epinephrine bind to to cause bronchodilation?
B2
What class of drugs can you use to suppress a cough reflex?
opiod receptor agonists
What kind of cough would you not treat with cough suppressants?
A productive cough
What roles do alveolar macrophages have in respiratory disease?
Phagocytose, presents antigens and release mediators.
What role does IgA have in respiratory disease?
Used in the upper airways to inhibit bacterial adherence
What role does IgG have in respiratory disease?
Used in the lower airways to bind and neutralise foreign particles and also activate the Caspade cascade
Name the 2 major cough suppressants ?
Butorphanol and Codeine
What will you see in an animal that is dyspnoeaic ?
abnormal rate/rhythm, nostril flaring, exaggerated effort (abdominal muscles), abducted elbows, and extended head and neck position
What is Orthopnoea?
Difficulty breathing while recumbent
What are the 4 types of nasal discharge?
serous, mucoid, purulent or sanginous
is unilateral discharge always URT disease?
No it tends to originate before the end of the nasal septum but low volume discharge from the LRT can cause unilateral nasal discharge.
What is haemoptysis?
blood in sputum
How low does arterial O2 levels have to be before membranes appear blue
<50mmHg
What is the cause of pulmoary cyanosis?
Hypoxaemia ( v/q mismatch)
What is normal RR of a horse?
8-15
What is the normal RR of a cow, sheep or pig?
10-30
Normal RR of a dog?
10-30
Normal RR of a cat?
24-42
What are the physiological causes of tachypnoea and hyperpnoea?
Anything that stimulates the sympathetic system (high Co2, low PH, low o2, excessive environmental heat, pain)
