Signs and symptoms of renal disease Flashcards
What is ESRD?
end stage renal disease - the last stage of chronic kidney disease STAGE 5 (distinguished by the reliance on dialysis)
Where are the major sites of K+ excretion in the kidneys?
DCT and CD
Where is EPO made?
interstitial peritubular cells
When would the kidney produce EPO?
in response to cellular hypoxia
What does EPO do normally and what would happen in ESRD?
EPO normally stimulates production of red blood cells in the bone marrow
-in ESRD, if kidney not working, EPO not produced so patient is ALWAYS aneamic
Why is a patient with ESRD vitamin D efficient?
cells in the proximal tubes of the kidneys produce enzyme responsible for activating VITAMIN D into its functional form (calcitrol) so if kidneys don’t work then this enzyme won’t be produced and won’t produce calciferol so less Vitamin D can be taken up
What is the condition of severe vitamin D deficiency?
osteomalacia
What are the symptoms of ESRD?
- tired
- trouble sleeping
- dry and itchy skin
- nocturia
- blood in urine
- foamy urine
- puffiness around eyes
- swollen ankles and feet
- poor appetite
- muscle cramps
Why would a patient be tired?
- decrease in kidney function can lead to a build up of toxins and impurities in the blood
- side effect of anaemia
Why would a patient have trouble sleeping?
- kidneys not filtering properly so toxins stay in the blood rather than leaving the body through the urine - difficulty sleeping
- side effect of nocturia
Why would a patient have dry and itchy skin?
-sign of mineral and bone disease
Why would a patient have nocturia?
-due to damage to glomerular
Why would a patient have proteinuria?
-proteins leaks into the urine
Why would a patient have foamy urine?
-indicative of protein in the urine
Why would a patient have persistent puffiness around their eyes?
-kidneys leaking a large amount of protein into body fluids - causes oedema
