Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory Block > Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Diseases > Flashcards

Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

Is subjective symptom of shortness of breath/ difficulty in breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 symptoms associated with dyspnea?

A

They are air hunger, increased effort to breathe, feeling of chest tightness,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two branches of dyspnea?

A

They are intermittent dyspnea and then persistent dyspnea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the types of intermittent dyspnea?

A

They are orthopnea (dyspnea when lying flat)

Trepopnea (when lying sideways)

Platypnea ( when sitting up)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

A

Sudden onset of shortness of breath occurring during sleep. .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can diseases can cause persistent dyspnea?

A

Asthma, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumothorax, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of dyspnea does asthma cause?

A

Episodic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of dyspnea does pulmonary edema cause?

A

abrupt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of dyspnea does pneumothorax cause?

A

Sudden onset, moderate to severe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is cough?

A

A normal defense of the lung in order to expel irritants. Coordinated forced expiration interrupted by closure of the glottis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the most common chronic cough causes?

A

They are smoking, post nasal drip, GERD, Asthma, ACE inhibitor use.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the description of acute cough?

A

Less than 3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can be the cause of acute cough?

A

Acute URI, LRI, Acute sinusitis, bronchitis, chronic condition exacerbation (asthma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What the description for subacute cough?

A

3- 8 weeks of cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can be the cause of subacute cough?

A

Post - infection, pertussis, pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is chronic cough?

A

More than 8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can be cause of chronic cough?

A

Post-nasal drip, GERD, asthma, non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 steps involved in studying cough in a person?

A
  1. determine onset, acuity
  2. then listen to the cough
  3. ask about sputum

4.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can wheezing cough mean?

A

bronchospasm, asthma, allergies, congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can morning cough mean?

A

cough due to smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can nocturnal cough indicate?

A

upper airway cough syndrome, congestive heart failures

22
Q

What does rust colored, purulent sputum mean?

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

23
Q

What does red currant jelly indicate?

A

klebsiella pneumoniae infection

24
Q

What does pink, frothy sputum indicate?

A

pulmonary edema

25
Q

What does bloody sputum indicate?

A

pulmonary emboli, bronchiectasis, abcess, tuberculosis, TB, tumor, cardiac causes, bleeding disorders

26
Q

if there is hemoptysis, what should be the next step in diagnosis?

A

If the blood is from mouth/nose/ and not GI in nature: It should be seen whether there blood tinged sputum or clots of blood

27
Q

For blood tinged sputum, what can be the cause of this?

A

smoking, infection, tumors

28
Q

For clot of blood sputum, what can be the cause of this?

A

cavitary lesion, lung tumor, cardiac disease, pulmonary embolism

29
Q

How can you tell that something is hemoptysis vs hematemesis?

A

Hemoptysis is when there is frothy and bright red sputum

30
Q

What are the 3 B’s of hemoptysis?

A

They are bronchitis, bronchiectasis, bronchogenic carcinoma + Active TB

31
Q

What can be the airway cause of hemoptysis?

A

It can be due to the 3Bs + anything with the word bronchial in it.

32
Q

What can be the parenchymal causes of hemoptysis?

A

They can be TB

33
Q

What can be the vascular cause of hemoptysis?

A

PE, vascular malformation, mitral stenosis, and LVF

34
Q

What should you when patient complains of chest pain?

A

You should first rule of myocardial infarction, and then describe the pain and localize it.

35
Q

What are the 2 types of chest pain in the

A

There is visceral and chest wall/pleuritic chest pain.

36
Q

What is visceral chest pain?

A

It is hard to pinpoint the location. The intensity varies, deep/superficial, constant intermittent often causes aching sensation.

37
Q

What can cause visceral chest pain?

A

Neoplasm of airways/mediastinum, abnormalities of heart, aorta, and pericardium, esophageal pain

38
Q

What chest wall/pleuritic chest pain?

A

Sharp, well localized pain, increases by deep breath or cough.

39
Q

Chest wall/pleuritic pain can be caused by:

A

Disease of the parietal pleura (infection, tumor, trauma)

Intercostal nerve irritation (herpes zoster, spinal nerve root disease)

somatic dysfunction of ribs or thoracic vertebrae

costo-chondritis

40
Q

What does wheezing indicate?

A

It indicates asthma.

41
Q

What are the steps to pulmonary patient evaluation?

A
  1. Inspection
  2. Palpation
  3. Percussion
42
Q

What are the steps for percussion?

A
  1. look at facial expression
  2. Posture
  3. Accessory muscle use
  4. chest configuration
  5. respiratory rate and pattern, skin color
  6. nails/ hands
  7. skin on chest
  8. look at nose and throat
43
Q

What are some clues for central cyanosis and peripheral cyanosis?

A

Central Cyanosis: very low paO2, lung problems (gas exchange/shunting)

Peripheral Cyanosis: excessive extraction of blood in the extremities (heart, thrombosis, low temp, low volume)

44
Q

What is clubbing?

A

Loss of angle between nail and terminal phalanx, increased curvature, increases sponginess, widening or terminal phalanx.

45
Q

What are palpation methods?

A

Feel for areas of tenderness, symmetry, of chest excursion, tactile Fremitus (touch with 99, increases with increases with tissue density AND decreases with decreased tissue density) ,

46
Q

Percussion involves what methods?

A

Dull: consolidated (pneumonia)

Hyperresonant: less dense (emphysema .pneumothorax)

47
Q

What are auscultation methods?

A

Vocal Fremitus (Pectoriloquy) Tests for consolidation: Normal Muffled

  1. Bronchophony: voices will be louder and clearer than abnormal
  2. Whispered pectriloquy: 99 clear is abnormal
  3. Egophony: EEE will sound like AAA if abnormal
48
Q

Crackles are what and what are they caused by?

A

Consolidation of fluid in the alveoli. Excess airway secretion is the cause.

Bronchitis, respiratory infections, pulmonary edema, Atelectasis, fibrosis, CHF

49
Q

Wheezing is caused by what and indicates what?

A

Asthma, pulmonary edema, bronchitis, CHF, Foreign body, tumor

50
Q

Rhoncus

A

larger airway (sounds underwater) causes like bronchitis

51
Q

Pleural Rub is what and what is caused by?

A

walking on snow and inflammation of pleura and caused by pneumonia and pulmonary infarction

Respiratory Block (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions