Micro: Parasitic Pathogens affecting the Respiratory System Flashcards
Who does pulmonary parasite effect?
Immunocompromised people
Describe what is echinococcus granulosus, transmission mode, life cycle, lung presentations, and treatment?
Echinococcus granulosus is tapeworm. Dog feces with worms are ingested by sheep/cattle.
After this ingestion, the eggs get to the gut, where they hatch. Once the eggs are hatched in the gut, they become larvae in the blood stream, and in the liver and lung they form cysts. These cysts can rupture and travel further.
Hytatid cysts communion liver–> ruptured cysts can cause anaphylaxis.
How are alveolar cysts discovered?
They are basically discovered incidentally in chest x ray. In CT scan you can see cysts. Chest pain, cough, hemoptysis can cause this.
In RLL there is pneumothorax, and single or multiple cysts mc.
What is the treatment for alveolar echinococcus?
It is albendazole, surgery, aspiration
Paragonimus Westermanii is what? What is the transmission of P. Westermanii?
It is lung fluke. It takes place when humans excrete eggs in metecercariae eggs in feces, which penetrate snails. Thesethen infect crustaceans, and humans get when they eat crustaceans.
What happens once humans eat undercooked crustaceans in in paragonimus westermanii?
When humans eat, cysts form in the duodenum. These larvae then penetrate the intestines and travel to the lungs –> create cavities in the lungs –> eggs are coughed up and swallowed –> excreted in stool
In lungs, was does Paragonimus westermanii present as?
It presents as eosinophilia, cavitated nodules, peribronchial granulomas, cysts.
CP, cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis
Dx: is CXR, Microscopy, PCR, CT scan
TX: Praziquantel
Prevention: adequate cooking.
What is schistosoma mansoni presented as? How does it penetrate humans? What is the life cycle.
Schistosoma mansoni is fluke.
Basically snail acquires eggs in water –> cercariae hatch and leave snail–> human skin is penetrated–> goes to blood
Once it reaches portal blood –> migration to lungs and liver –> mature into adult worms –> venous plexus of bladder and intestines.
What are the symptoms of schistosoma mansoni?
Katayama fever, pruritic, hematuria, pulmonary hypertension
What is the treatment for schistosoma mansoni?
It is basically praziquantel
