signs and symptoms of MSD Flashcards
What differentiates nociceptive pain from neuropathic pain?
Nociceptive pain results from tissue damage, while neuropathic pain is caused by nerve injury or dysfunction.
What are the primary differences between acute and chronic pain?
Acute pain is short-term and often results from injury, while chronic pain persists beyond normal healing time, lasting months or years.
How does radicular pain present, and what causes it?
Radicular pain radiates along a nerve pathway, often caused by nerve root compression, as seen in conditions like herniated discs.
What are the common causes of muscle atrophy?
Disuse due to immobilization, neurogenic damage (such as nerve injuries or neuropathies), and systemic conditions like cachexia or muscular dystrophy.
What is the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis?
An autoimmune disease causing synovial membrane inflammation, leading to joint destruction, deformity, and systemic complications.
How does osteoarthritis differ from rheumatoid arthritis in terms of pathology?
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease affecting cartilage, while rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder causing synovial inflammation.
What is the significance of a positive Beighton Score?
A positive Beighton Score indicates joint hypermobility, which may be associated with connective tissue disorders like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Why is a goniometer used in musculoskeletal assessments?
A goniometer measures joint range of motion (ROM) to assess mobility limitations due to injury, arthritis, or post-surgical restrictions.
What causes a locked knee, and how is it treated?
A locked knee is often due to meniscus tears, loose bodies, or osteochondritis dissecans, and may require arthroscopy for diagnosis and treatment.
What role does synovial fluid play in joint health?
Synovial fluid lubricates joints, provides nutrients to cartilage, and reduces friction during movement.
How does a rotator cuff tear affect shoulder function?
A rotator cuff tear leads to shoulder weakness, limited abduction, and difficulty with overhead activities.
What are the clinical signs of ligamentous laxity?
Increased range of motion, joint instability, frequent dislocations, and a positive anterior drawer or Lachman test (for ACL injuries).
What differentiates an inflammatory joint effusion from a non-inflammatory effusion?
Inflammatory effusions are warm, painful, and associated with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, whereas non-inflammatory effusions are typically due to osteoarthritis or trauma.
What is the pathophysiology behind tendinopathy?
Tendinopathy results from chronic overuse or microtrauma, leading to collagen degeneration, neovascularization, and impaired healing.
What are the key features of fibromyalgia, and how is it diagnosed?
Fibromyalgia presents with widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tender points, diagnosed by exclusion and clinical criteria.
Why is early intervention important in musculoskeletal disorders?
Early intervention prevents progression of conditions, reduces pain, maintains function, and improves long-term outcomes.
What are the biomechanical consequences of a meniscus tear?
A meniscus tear reduces shock absorption, increases joint stress, and may lead to early-onset osteoarthritis.
What is the most common type of ankle sprain, and what ligament is affected?
Inversion ankle sprains are most common, primarily affecting the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL).
How does osteoporosis contribute to musculoskeletal disorders?
Osteoporosis weakens bones, increasing the risk of fractures, deformities, and chronic pain, particularly in the spine, hips, and wrists.
What are the major risk factors for developing musculoskeletal disorders?
Aging, obesity, repetitive strain, genetic predisposition, inflammatory conditions, and previous injuries.
