Pathologies of joint diseases Flashcards
What molecular changes occur in osteoarthritis?
Breakdown of collagen and proteoglycans in cartilage.
How does inflammation contribute to joint damage?
It triggers immune cells to release enzymes that degrade cartilage.
What imaging techniques are used to diagnose joint diseases?
X-rays, MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound.
What is the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis?
Autoimmune activation leads to synovial inflammation, joint destruction, and systemic effects.
What are the primary cytokines involved in rheumatoid arthritis?
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
How does joint space narrowing affect mobility?
It reduces the range of motion and causes pain during movement.
What role do genetic factors play in joint diseases?
They increase susceptibility to autoimmune and degenerative joint conditions.
How do biologic therapies treat rheumatoid arthritis?
They target specific immune molecules like TNF to reduce inflammation.
What are bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis?
Loss of bone structure caused by chronic inflammation.
What are common surgical interventions for advanced joint diseases?
Joint replacement, arthroscopy, and joint fusion.
How do mechanical factors influence osteoarthritis progression?
Joint overuse and misalignment accelerate cartilage wear.
What biomarkers indicate joint inflammation?
Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
What is the impact of obesity on joint diseases?
Increased joint load worsens cartilage degradation and inflammation.
How does synovial hyperplasia affect joints?
It leads to thickening of the synovial membrane and joint damage.
What are the long-term outcomes of untreated joint diseases?
Chronic pain, disability, and reduced quality of life.
