signal transduction Flashcards
-enter the cell and influence the transcription of genes
-act on (open or close) ligand-gated membrane channels
-exert their influence from outside of the cell by generating second messengers
what cellular processes do
what channel does Ach (acetylcholine) open @ NMJ (neuromuscular junction)
sodium channel
what channel does Ach open when @ the muscarinic receptors?
potassium channel
what channel does benzodiazepine open when at GABA receptors?
chloride channel
what is the final step in a signal transduction pathway?
the phosphorylation of an effector protein by protein kinase
does a less stimulated receptor cause more production of receptors or less?
what type of regulation is this called?
more production. up regulation
does a highly stimulated receptor cause the production of less stimulators or more stimulators?
what type of regulation is this called?
less stimulators.
down regulation
which neurotransmitter modulates pain?
glutamate
what channel is opened by the binding of glutamate to a NDMA receptor
calcium channel
what does NDMA stand for
N-methyl-D-asparate
what are the functions of NDMA
-key for learning and memory
-mediates hyperalgesia, neuropathic pain
NDMA antagonists
-ethanol
-ketamine
-nitrous oxide
-dextromethorphan
GABA stands for
gamma-aminobutyric acid
what does the GABA receptor do?
- ligand ion channel
-main inhibitory hormone in the adult CNS
-when activated it hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane
GABA receptor agonists
inhalation agents
propofol, barbiturates
benzodiazepines
