cell physiology

Question 1

who first explored the internal environment?

Answer 1

claude bernard

Question 2

how long does it take blood to circulate the body at rest?

Answer 2

1 minute

Question 3

how long does it take blood to circulate the body with exercise?

Answer 3

6 times within 1 minute

Question 4

what is the powerhouse of the cell

Answer 4

mitochondria

Question 5

which endoplasmic reticulum site is involved with protein synthesis and the formation of ribosomes?

Answer 5

granular “rough” endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

which endoplasmic reticulum site is involved with lipid synthesis?

Answer 6

agranular “smooth” endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

what is important in the formation of membranes (phospholipids) and energy storage (TG)?

Answer 7

lipids

Question 8

what happens to pyruvate in the presence of o2

Answer 8

it converts to acetyl-CoA and enters the citric acid cycle

Question 9

what happens to pyruvate in the absence of O2

Answer 9

it becomes lactate

Question 10

what makes up ATP

Answer 10

adenine- nitrogenous base
ribose-pentose sugar
phosphate radicals (3)

Question 11

what is motion is ameboid locomotion

Answer 11

crawling motion

Question 12

what is chemotaxis

Answer 12

the movement of cells towards a chemical of substance

Question 13

which cells participate in chemotaxis?

Answer 13

white blood cells

Question 14

which part of the cell packages products for transport or secretion?

Answer 14

golgi apparatus

Question 15

what do you call programmed cell death?

Answer 15

apoptosis

Question 16

pathologic or accidental cell death

Answer 16

necrosis

Question 17

how much water makes up the cell?

Answer 17

70-85%

Question 18

how much % of phospholipids in the cell?

Answer 18

25%

Question 19

how much % of proteins in a cell?

Answer 19

55%

Question 20

how much % of cholesterol in the cell?

Answer 20

13%

Question 21

what are functional proteins?

Answer 21

enzymes

Question 22

what are structural proteins?

Answer 22

cytoskeletons, myosin/actin

Question 23

what type of layer is the cell made of

Answer 23

phospholipid bilayer

Question 24

what determines the permeability of a cell

Answer 24

size and solubility

Question 25

what is hydrophilic

Answer 25

only soluble in water

Question 26

what is hydrophobic

Answer 26

only soluble in fats

Question 27

which substances pass through the membrane with ease

Answer 27

oxygen, ethanol, and carbon dioxide

Question 28

which substances have difficulty passing through the membrane

Answer 28

ions, glucose and amino acids (must use a carrier), proteins, h20, h20 soluble drugs

Question 29

what are integral proteins

Answer 29

proteins that cross (protrude) all the way through the membrane

Question 30

what are peripheral proteins

Answer 30

they only attach to one surface and do not protrude all the way