Sigmund freud

Question 1

Define “Subjective”

Answer 1

Gut feelings, internal verification, likely unscientific methods

Question 2

Define “Objective”

Answer 2

Quantitative measurements, and external verification, might be
scientific methodology

Question 3

What is the Evaluation framework

Answer 3

The scientific method, Alternative explanations, Applications, Your subjectivity

Question 4

Describe the “Scientific methods” in the Evaluation framework.

Answer 4

Operational definitions in data collection?
✓ An observable and measurable statement of the variable
❑ Falsifiable?
✓ Can a theory be refuted by empirical testing?
❑ Are obtained findings reliable?
✓ The extent to which findings are consistent
❑ Validity?
✓ External - The extent to which the findings can be applied to other
people, situations, settings

Question 5

Define “Alternate explanations” in the the Evaluation framework

Answer 5

More than one explanation?
* Which one should we consider?

Question 6

Define “Applications” in the Evaluation framework

Answer 6

Putting it into operation
* Useable?
* Further inquiry?

Question 7

Define “Your subjectivity” in the Evaluation framework

Answer 7

How you feel about a theory. your biases.

Question 8

Define the theory of “Impulses”

Answer 8

Acting without conscious thought

Question 9

What is the impulse’s source of energy called?

Answer 9

libido

Question 10

What is the “Psyché”?

Answer 10

Mind structure

Question 11

What are the three basic structures of the psyche?

Answer 11

the Id, Ego, and Super- Ego

Question 12

What are the three levels of consciousness?

Answer 12

The conscious, preconscious, and the unconscious.

Question 13

Define “Cathexis”.

Answer 13

The process by which the available libidinal energy in the psyche becomes attached/invested in something.

Question 14

Define “Defense mechanisms”.

Answer 14

A method by which the ego defends itself against unbearable
anxiety.

Question 15

Define “The Id”.

Answer 15

The base from which the rest of the personality emerges. Biological in nature. Goals - reduce tension, increase pleasure, and reduce discomfort.

Question 16

Define “The Ego” and its role.

Answer 16

The Ego is the part of the psyche in contact with external reality. Protects the “Id” but also draws energy from it. - Controls voluntary movement.

Question 17

Define “The super ego”.

Answer 17

The Superego serves as a judge or censor over the activities and thoughts of the “Ego”. - Morals.

Question 18

List all 9 DM’s

Answer 18

1. Denial
2. Projection
3. Repression
4. Regression
5. Reaction formation
6. Rationalization
7. Displacement
8. Isolation
9. Sublimation

Question 19

Define “Denial”

Answer 19

Exclud reality - Protecting self from unpleasant reality by refusing to perceive it

Question 20

Define “Projection”

Answer 20

Places inner feelings on the outer world - Disguising your own disturbing impulses by attributing them to
someone else.

Question 21

Define “Repression”

Answer 21

Avoid reality - Pushing painful or dangerous thoughts into the unconscious

Question 22

Define “Regression”

Answer 22

Withdrawal from reality - Retreating to earlier, less frustrating developmental stages & displaying
childish responses reminiscent of that more secure time

Question 23

Define “Reaction formation”

Answer 23

Reverse reality - Switching unacceptable id impulses into the opposite of what is truly
troubling the person.

Question 24

Define “Rationalization”

Answer 24

Redefine reality - Attempting to prove that one’s behavior is rational and justifiable and
thus worthy of approval

Question 25

Define “Displacement”

Answer 25

Disguise reality - Discharging pent-up feelings, usually of hostility, on objects less
threatening or safer than those that initially aroused the emotion

Question 26

Define “Isolation”

Answer 26

Partition reality - Separating the anxiety-arousing parts of a situation from the rest of the
psyche.

Question 27

Define “Sublimation”

Answer 27

Redirect reality - Dangerous urges are transformed into healthy, socially acceptable
actions and emotions

Question 28

List all 3 Psychosexual Stages discussed in class.

Answer 28

*Oral
*Anal
*Phallic

Question 29

What is the “ Theme” and “conflict” of the “oral stage.”

Answer 29

Birth-1. The mouth is the primary erogenous zone.

Theme: Mouth and feeding
Conflict: The child must give up breastfeeding (oral stimulation)

Question 30

What is the “ Theme”of the “Anal stage.”

Answer 30

Toilet training (the demands of external reality) interferes with gratification received from defecation.

Theme: start at age 2 and 4 - control over anus and bladder - self-discovery - new pleasure.

Question 31

What would a “Oral fixation look like”

Answer 31

Smoking and over eating.

Question 32

What would a “Anal fixation look like”

Answer 32

Stubbornness, orderliness, and greed.

Question 33

What would a “Phallic fixation look like”

Answer 33

Aggressive and overly sexual behavior

Question 34

What is the “conflict” of the “Anal stage.”

Answer 34

Conflict: Must be Toilet training. The child learns toilet behavior is dirty but can also be praised.

Question 35

Describe “The Phallic Stage”

Answer 35

It starts around 3 - focus on the genitals and desire. When a child becomes aware that they do or don’t have a penis. - conscious of sexual differences.

Question 36

Conflict of “The Phallic Stage”

Answer 36

4-5 yrs. The stages of Oedipus complex and Electra Complex, and superego development.

Oedipus Complex and Electra Complex. - Fear and lust of both parents. - The “super-ego” prevents this.

Question 37

What is “Psychoanalysis”

Answer 37

The Theory and Therapy of investigating the mental processes that are almost inaccessible in any other way. - Considerable and continual expenditure of libido.

Question 38

Explain the “Theory of Psychoanalysis”

Answer 38

Analysis works to overcome the natural resistance and bring the id’s painful, repressed memories back into the conscious.

It suggests that it is possible, but difficult, to come to terms with the recurring demands of the “Id.”

Question 39

What is the role of the “Psychoanalyst”?

Answer 39

To help the patient recall and recover unconscious materials so that the patient’s current life can become more satisfying.

Question 40

Explain free association.

Answer 40

The patient is encouraged to verbalize without censorship or selection whatever thoughts come to mind.

Question 41

Why did Froud understand dreams as wish fulfillment?

Answer 41

The dream is an alternative pathway to satisfy the Id (Base desires).

Question 42

What is “Dream analysis”?

Answer 42

The investigation of repressed feelings that can be expressed in our dreams.

You can interpret your dreams by learning more about common symbols, keeping a dream diary, and trying to identify personal associations.