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Renal disease > Sigdel 1&2 > Flashcards

Sigdel 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Regeneration

A

Replace fluid in this phase (1/3 fatalities here), regenerations, flattened cells, high NC ration, LOTS OF URINATION HERE

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2
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

3 phases

A

Initiation, maintenance, regeneration

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3
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Initiation

A

Degeneration cells, fluid build up, loss of microvilli

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4
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis

Chronic obstructive pyelonephritis morphology (2nd most common cause)

A

Multiple irregular scars

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5
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Ischemia

Late:

A

Regeneration, flattened epithelium, dilated lumen, large nuclei with nucleoli

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6
Q

Pyelonephritis

Chronic findings

A

Fibrosis, THYROIDIZATION, chronic inflammatory cells, irregular scars, papillae blunting

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7
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

MC causes

A

Ischemic and toxic injuries

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8
Q

Acute pyelonephritis

Gross

A

Petechiae, renal abscesses, thinned cortex, blunted papilla

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9
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Ischemia

Pathology, morphology

A

Vasoconstriction, dec GFR, TUBULORRHEXIS, has skip areas

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10
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Maintenance

A

Suppression of fxn, oliguria, dialysis (2/3 OF FATALITIES IN THIS PHASE), sloughed cells, apoptosis, necrosis,, cast formation

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11
Q

Light chain cast nephropathy

Stain for amyloidosis

A

Congo red stain

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12
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis

Morphology

A

Irregular scars (fibrosis) ass. With anatomical abnormalities, blunted calyces

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13
Q

Acute pyelonephritis

Clinical signs

A

Systemic signs, costovertebral angle tenderness, WBC CASTS IN URINE

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14
Q

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis

Cause

A

Proteus (don’t confuse with renal cell carcinoma)

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15
Q

Drug induced interstitial nephritis

Causes

A

Synthetic penicillins

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16
Q

Acute pyelonephritis

Histology

A

Collections of neutrophils and casts

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17
Q

Drug induced interstitial nephritis

Histology

A

Eosinophils casts surround tubules

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18
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

MC phase ass. With fatalities

A

Maintenance phase

19
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Toxic

Causes

A

Ethylene glycol, mercury, gentamicin, dye

20
Q

Acute pyelonephritis

MC cause

A

E. Coli, ascending infxn from bladder (reflux)

21
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis

Histology

A

Lymphocytes and plasma cells, fibrosis, THYROIDIZATION (tubular atrophy and dilation)

22
Q

Light chain cast nephropathy

Urine test for…

A

M protein (gamma or light chain spike)

23
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis

MC cause

A

Reflux nephropathy

24
Q

Where are casts formed?

A

Tubules of kidneys (glomerulus)

25
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Mercury

A

Large eosinophilic inclusions in necrotic cells, Calcium deposits

26
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Morphology

A

Sharp demarcation of corticomedullary jxn.

Pale cortex, hyperemic medulla, kidney edema

27
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Carbon tetrachloride

A

Neutral lipid inclusions, no Calcium deposits

28
Q

Light chain cast nephropathy

Amyloidosis Congo red stain findings

A

Apple green birefringent crystals

29
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Continuous Necrosis at PCT

A

Toxic type AKI

30
Q

Light chain cast nephropathy

(MM)

Disease association

A

Amyloidosis

31
Q

Urate nephropathy

Histology

A

Tophus (crystals surrounded by inflammatory cells and giant cells)

32
Q

NSAIDs nephropathy

A

Spares GI

33
Q

Pyelonephritis

Acute findings

A

Neutrophils, edema, neutrophil casts

34
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Toxic

Morphology

A

Effects PCT, no tubulorrhexis (rupture of basement membrane), uniform involvement/no skip areas

35
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Ischemia

Histology

Early:

A

Fluid build up, casts, degeneration

36
Q

Light chain cast nephropathy

And MM

A

Plasma cell neoplasm, light chains in urine (BENCE JONES proteins) even effects glomeruli

37
Q

Light chain cast nephropathy

AKA and associated with

A

“Myeloma kidney”

Ass. With multiple myeloma

38
Q

Analgesic (Phenacetin) Nephropathy

Morphology

A

Papillary necrosis, fibrosis, chronic inflammation

39
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Patchy necrosis at PCT and DCT

A

Ischemic type AKI

40
Q

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)/Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

Ethylene glycol

A

Oxalate crystal formation (know pic)

41
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis

Reflux nephropathy common presentation and morphology

A

MC in child with polar renal scars

42
Q

Light chain cast nephropathy

characteristic amyloidosis finding

A

Punched out lesion (picture)

43
Q

Drug induced interstitial nephritis

Presentation

A

About 2 weeks after exposure

44
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux

A

Ureter enters in at almost right angle so short intravesicle length

Renal disease (6 decks)

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