Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Renal disease > Renal Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Renal Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Renal Infarcts

When does Infarct become well-demarcated?

A

After 24hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thrombotic microangiopathies

Acute

Microscopic

A

Glomerular capillary occlusion by thrombi

Thickened capillary walls (endothelial swelling and debris)

Disrupted mesangial matrix

Fibrinoid necrosis of interlobular aa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HUS
Typical

Pathogenesis

A

Endothelial injury triggered by Shiga-like toxin

Ass. With consumption of contaminated food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diffuse Cortical Necrosis

Seen after

A

Catastrophic conditions such as abruptio placentae, septic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HUS
Typical

Htn association and prognosis

A

50% with htn

Renal fxn recovers within weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thrombotic microangiopathies

Chronic

(Atypical HUS and TTP ONLY!)

Microscopic

A

Glomerular capillary wall thickening

Tram Tracking (splitting of GBM)

Artery/arteriole wall thickening, persistent hypoperfusion, atrophy, renal failure, htn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HUS
Atypical

MC complement-regulatory protein deficiency

A

Factor H deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

HUS
Typical

Clinical features

A

Infxn with E. coli strain O157-H7

Kids, flu-like symptoms, bleeding symptoms, hematuria, oliguria, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thrombotic microangiopathies

Acute

Typical, atypical HUS and TTP

Gross morphology

A

Cortical necrosis, subcapsular petechiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HUS
Typical

E. Coli strain association

A

O157-H7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diffuse Cortical Necrosis

Morphology

A

Cortex only, massive ischemic (coagulative) necrosis, thrombi

Rapidly fatal without supportive tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Malignant Hypertension

Glomerular changes

A

Necrotizing glomerulitis with neutrophils and necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Renal Infarcts

MC cause
MC source

A

Emboli

Left heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TTP

Pathogenesis

A

PLATELET AGGREGATION from large multi eras of vWF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HUS
Atypical

Pathogenesis

A

Excessive activation of complement from:
Inherited mutation of complement-regulatory proteins

Acq. Causes (scleroderma, htn, chemo, immunosuppressive drugs, radiation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TTP

Prognosis

A

<50% mortality with exchange transfusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Renal Infarcts

What replaces infarct?

A

Scar tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TTP

Gene defect and gene function

A

ADAMTS 13 (plasma Metallica protease:

Cleaves multi ears of vWF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thrombotic microangiopathies

Chronic

(Atypical HUS and TTP ONLY!)

Morphology

A

Scarring of renal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Renal Infarcts

Clinical presentation

A

+/- pain, tenderness, hematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Renal Artery Stenosis

Morphology

A

Ischemic kidney: Reduced size, crowding of glomeruli, atrophic tubules, interstitial fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Malignant Hypertension

Gross

A

Flea bitten appearanc (petechial hemorrhages)

Swelling, edema

Poor cortical demarcation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Atheroembolic Renal Disease

Cholesterol emboli

A

Clear clefts of cholesterol seen in embolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Benign Nephrosclerosis

Gross morphology

A

Kidney size: Reduced to normal

Surface is granular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Diffuse Cortical Necrosis Seen in pts after...
Obstetric emergencies
26
HUS Atypical Associated conditions
Anti-phospholipid Ab syndrome Pregnancy Vascular renal disease Chemo/immunosuppression/radiation
27
Atheroembolic Renal Disease
Embolization of atherosclerotic plaque fragments into renal vessels
28
Atheroembolic Renal Disease MC site of occlusion
Arcuate and interlobular arteries
29
HUS Atypical Prognosis
Half have relapsing course progressing ESRD
30
Benign Nephrosclerosis Pathogenesis
Medial and intimal thickening Hyaline deposition in arterioles
31
Benign Nephrosclerosis Cause
1. Htn Aging or genetics
32
Renal Artery Stenosis What cause htn?
Angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor) production
33
Malignant Hypertension Histology
Fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles (eosinophilia vessel walls, granular)
34
Atherosclerotic Ischemic Renal Disease
Bilateral renal artery disease Common cause of chronic ischemia, renal insufficiency in older adults Surgical intervention preserves fxn
35
HUS Atypical How to distinguish from TTP
ADAMTS13 plasma levels
36
Renal Infarcts Morphology
Single or multiple Wedge-shaped Soft, pale yellow, well demarcated (>24hr)
37
Renal Artery Stenosis Pathogenesis
UNILATERAL constriction decreases intracranial circulation/blood pressure
38
HUS Atypical Clinical features
Adults Majority have inherited deficiency of complement-regulatory proteins
39
What is a common cause of chronic ischemia, renal insufficiency in older adults?
Atherosclerotic Ischemic Renal Disease Bilateral renal artery disease
40
Atheroembolic Renal Disease What to look for on PE
Purple lesions on feet (occlusion of vessels from emboli)
41
Renal Artery Stenosis Causes
Atherosclerotic plaque occlusion (70%): old, diabetic, men Fibromuscular dysplasia: young women
42
Thrombotic microangiopathies Name them
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
43
Renal Artery Stenosis What cells release renin?
Juxtaglomerular cells
44
HUS Typical Association (clinical presentation)
Ass. With consumption of contaminated food
45
TTP 2 types of _______ deficiencies
ADAMTS13 1. AutoAbs to ADAMTS13 (MC) 2. Inherited deficiency of ADAMTS13
46
Renal Artery Stenosis What is released with load perfusion to kidney?
Renin
47
Malignant Hypertension Characteristic Histology
Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis "Onion-skinning" (elongation, proliferation of smooth mm cells)
48
Renal Infarcts Why do they cause severe damage?
End-organ circulation, limited collateral circulation
49
TTP Common pt
Female >40
50
Total Renal Infarct Where is vascular compromise?
Main renal artery
51
TTP Clinical Features
Pentad: Fever, neurologic symptoms, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal faliure
52
Thrombotic microangiopathies Pathogenesis
Tissue dysfunction resulting from formation of microthrombi -> vascular obstruction ->tissue ischemia
53
Total Renal Infarction
Entire kidney infarcts Vascular compromise at main renal artery
54
HUS Pathogenesis
Endothelial injury -> platelet activation and thrombosis
55
Benign Nephrosclerosis Clinical Features
Mild proteinuria Rarely causes renal insufficiency except in: African descent, severe hypertension, diabetes
56
Renal Artery Stenosis Which kidney is effected by hypertension?
Opposite kidney
57
Benign Nephrosclerosis Microscopic
Narrowed lumens of arterioles (hyalinization) Glomerular sclerosis, loss of tubules, alternate with preserved parenchyma (granular surface) Fibroelastic hyperplasia: medial hypertrophy, duplication of elastic lamina
58
Atheroembolic Renal Disease Commonly seen after...
Follows intervention (AAA repair, aortic valve angioplasty etc.) in elderly pts with atherosclerotic disease
59
Diffuse Cortical Necrosis Pathogenesis
Rare complication of massive hemorrhage Results from obstetric emergency Complete bilateral cortical necrosis
60
Renal Artery Stenosis Htn effects on diseased kidney?
None, protected by reduction of blood flow, stenosis

Renal disease (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions