Sievert-Oral Cavity and Pharynx Flashcards
What structures, if too tight, will cause the inability of babies to suckle?
frenulum (of lips and tongue)
What do you call the protrusion that leads to the submandibular duct?
the caruncle
What does the caruncle end as?
the opening of submandibular duct
What do you find next to the lingual nerve? Tell me the orientation of these
the deep lingual artery and vein
vein is most superficial> lingual nerve > deep lingual artery
Where does the deep lingual artery come off of?
external carotid artery
What are the little tiny holes and folds under the tongue?
the sublingual fold with openings of sublingual ducts
What is the parotid papilla and where is it?
the opening of the parotid duct located at the opposite 2nd upper molar tooth
How do you number teeth?
1 starts at the top back right and and you count left. Then start from bottom left to right. Should equal 32 :)
What is the anterior arch of the palate?
the palatoglossal arch
What is the posterior arch of the palate?
palatopharyngeal arch
What tonsil are the ones you get removed when you get too many sore throats?
the palantine tonsils
What is the palatoglossal arch innervated by?
CN 10
What is the muscle that goes to the palate to the pharynx? What CN innervates this?
palatopharyngeal muscle
CN 10
What are are the three parts to the pharynx?
nasal, oral, laryngo
What muscle goes to the uvula and allows it to contract?
the levator veli palantini muscle.
Anything with the word palate in it is innervated by what cranial nerve (except for the tensor veli palantini muscle)?
CN 10
The (blank) (also known as nasopalatine foramen or anterior palatine foramen) is the oral opening of the nasopalatine canal.
The incisive foramen
What goes through the incisive foramen?
the nasopalantine nerve
Which papillae doesnt contain tastebuds?
filiform
What innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
CN 7 (taste) CN V3 (sensory)
What innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
CN 9 and some by CN 10d
What 2 things do you find at the root of the tongue?
the foramen cecum and terminal sulcus
What separates the anterior from the posterior part of the tongue?
the circumvallate papillae (sulcus terminalis)
What do you find in between the hyoglossus muscle and the mylohyoid on the lateral side of the floor of the mouth?
lingual nerve (superior) hypoglossal nerve (inferior) lingual artery (superior) submanidbular duct (most inferior)
What ganglion can you see on the lingual nerve?
sumandibular ganglion
All the muscles of the tongue intrinsic and extrinsic (anything with glossus) are innervated by CN (balnk) except for the palatoglossus which is by CN (blank)
12
10
What are the three tongue muscles that are innervated by CN 12?
styloglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus
What muscle has a glossus in it but isnt innervated by 12 and what is it innervated by?
the palatoglossus
CN 10
All the muscles of the palate are innervated by CN (Blank) except for the tensor vali palantine
10
What is the function of the hyoglossus muscle?
depresses and retracts tongue
What does the genioglossus muscle do?
Inferior fibers protrude the tongue, middle fibers depress the tongue, and its superior fibers draw the tip back and down
If you have problem with CN 12 what way will your tongue point?
towards the affected side (in both upper and lower motor neuron syndrome)
What does the styloglossus muscle do?
retraction and elevation of tongue
What does the palatoglossus do?
raises back part of tongue
How many cranial nerves supply the tongue?
5
What supplies the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue with taste and sensation?
lingual nerve (CN V3) for GSA and chorda tympani (CN 7) for taste
What supplies the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue with taste and sensation?
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9) for taste and the internal laryngeal nerve (CN 10) for GSA
What gives motor to the whole tongue?
CN 12 and CN 10 (palatoglossus)
What nerve supplies the palatoglossus?
CN 10
What tonsils cause chronic ear infections in kids and why?
What can you do about it?
pharyngeal tonsils (AKA adenoids), because they swell and close off the auditory tube take em out or put in a tube
From posterior to anterior, please tell me the distribution of the tonsillar ring
adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)
lateral pharyngeal band
palantine tonsil
lingual tonsil
Between what structures can you find the palantine tonsils?
between the palatoglossal arch and the palatopharyngeal arch
When are the elements of the tonsillar ring resorbed?
starting at puberty
If you get a long lasting inflammation of this tonsil, you will constantly feel like you need to clear your throat. What tonsil am I talking about?
lingual
Which teeth are not present in children?
missing 2 premolar teeth and have 2 molars instead of 3
What part of the pharynx is strictly respiratory?
Nasopharynx
Where is the oropharynx and what does it allow to pass through it?
posterior to oral cavity and allows for digestive and respiratory products
What is the area posterior to larynx and allows for digestive and respiratory products to pass through, what dont you really want to pass through here?
the laryngopharyx
air
Nasal and oral pharynx can both handle (blank) and (Blank)
air and liquid
THe pharynx extends from where to where?
from the base of the skull to C6 vertebrae (Cricoid cartilage)
At what spinal level will you find the cricoid cartilage?
C6
What are the division of the pharynx?
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngeal pharynx
What opening is found in the nasopharynx?
ostium of the auditory tube (pharyngotympanic tube)
The pharyngopalatine arch is found in which division of the pharynx?
oropharynx
The pharyngo-epiglottic fold is found in which division of the pharynx?
oropharynx
The vallecula is found in which division of the pharynx?
oral pharyx
What is found in the laryngeal pharynx?
epiglottis
laryngeal inlet
piriform recess
What is the swelling associated with the nasopharynx?
torus tubarius: houses lymphoid tissue
What are the adenoids and where are they found?
AKA pharyngeal tonsils and they are located in the nasopharynx and it is a mass of lymphoid tissue
what muscle does this:
Assists in elevating the pharynx, pulls on torus tubarius to pressure equalize middle ear
salpingopharyngeus muscle
In the wall of the auditory tube what 2 muscles will you find related to the palate? What part of the pharynx are these found?
Levator veli palatini- elevates palate
tensor veli palatini -tenses palate/opens auditory tube
Nasopharynx
What does the levator veli palatini do?
elevates palate and pulls the uvula up :)
What does the tensor veli palatini do?
tenses palate and opens auditory tube
Which muscle to the palate comes from the posterior aspect of the auditory tube?
the tensor vali palanine muscle
What part of the pharynx are these associated with:
cartilagenous end of auditory tube
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini
nasopharynx/soft palate
What CN innervates the levator veli palatini, what are its origin and insertion, what does it do?
CN 10, temporal bone and auditory tube, elevates soft palate
What CN innervates the tensor veli palatini, what are its origin and insertion and what does it do?
CN 5 , sphenoid bone and auditory tube. Tenses thes ft palate and opens the auditory tube
Which wall of the auditory tube is more membranous, the medial or lateral wall? Why is this signif?
the lateral wall
this is where the tensor veli palantine comes off
What contains the cells bodies of nerves that innervate the muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larnyx which are strongly associated with speech and swallowing.
nucleus ambiguus
What does the DMX provide?
GVE
What includes the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue, palantine tonsil between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arch and the valleculae (recess at base of tongue)
the oropharynx
What is teh recess at the base of the tongue called? What is this innervated by?
the valleculae
CN 10
What are the three components of the laryngopharynx?
epiglottis laryngeal inlet (aditus) piriform fossa (recess)
What 2 recesses can be found in the oro and laryngeal pharynx? What can both of these do?
vallecula and piriform recess
can contract and cause discomfort and gagging
What are the three pharyngeal constrictors?
superior constrictor
middle constrictor
inferior constriot
Anteriorly what does the superior constrictor muscle attach to?
buccinator at the pterygomandibular raphe
Where does the middle constritor muscle attach to?
the hyoid bone
Where does the inferior constrict end at and what is it continuous with?
ends at cricoid cartilage,
continuous with esophagus.
Which intrinsic pharyngeal muscle is shaped like a baseball diamond with the back larger than the front?
middle constrictor
the buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor attach to the (blank)
pterygomandibular raphe
The middle constrictor attaches to the (blank)
greater horn of the hyoid and stylohyoid ligament
The inferior constrictor attaches to the (blank) and (blank) cartilage
thryoid and cricoid cartilage
How do they constrictor muscles connect to one another? Why?
the are stacked within each other like flower pots.
so that food doesnt get stuck between them
What muscle forms the narrowest portion of the pharynx?
criopharyngeus muscle at the esophageal junction
Which constrictor muscle is continuous with the esophagus?
the inferior constrictor
What are the three external muscles of the pharynx (CN)?
palatopharyngeus (X)
stylopharyngeus (IX)
salpinogopharyngeus (X)
What is zenkers diverticulum?
when food or something between constrictor muscles
Where do you commonly get zenkers diveriticulum?
between the inferior constrictor and criocpharyngeus muscle
The pharynx gets innervation from three sources which converge on the posterior lateral wall as the (blank)
pharyngeal plexus
What are the three contributions to the pharyngeal plexus?
sensory from CN IX
motor from CN X (except one muscle)
sympathetic (from sympathetic chain)
What CN are involved in gagging?
In on 9 out on 10
What provides sensory to the pharyngeal plexus?
glossopharyngeal (CN 9)
What provides motor to all muscles of the pharynx except the stylopharyngeus?
vagus (CN 10)
Where do you get sympathetics and paraysmpathetics to the pharynx?
sympathetics come from sympathetic chain
Parasympathetics from CN 10
Fibers of the pharyngeal plexus are embedded in what fascia?
the buccopharyngeal fascia on posterior wall of pharynx
What branch of the vagus is the motor supply to the muscles of the pharynx?
pharyngeal branch of X
What branch of the vagus splits into 2 branches to supply the area around the larynx?
superior laryngeal nerve that branches into the internal and external branch
What does the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervate?
gives sensory innervation to the epiglottis and lot of larynx above the vocal cord.
What does the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve do?
motor to the cricothyroid
What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve do?
sensory below vocal cords and motor to all other muscles of the larynx other than the circothyroid muscle. (can be involved in cancer)
What kind of fibers does CN 9 carry?
general sensory, viscerosensory (inc. taste), visceromotor, branchiomotor
What do GSA go from CN 9?
to external ear
soft palate
pharynx
tongue
Where do general visceral afferents and special visceral afferents from CN 9 go?
carotid body and sinus
tongue
Where do general visceral efferents go from CN 9?
parotid gland
Where do special visceral efferents (branchiomotor) from CN 9 go?
stylopharyngeus
What fibers travel on the vagus nerve?
general sensory, viscerosensory, visceromotor, branchiomotor
Where do general somatic afferents from the vagus go?
to external ear, larynx and vocal cords
Where do special visceral sensory and general visceral sensory afferents from the vagus go?
taste to the epiglottis
thoracic and abdominal organs
Where do general visceral efferents from the vagus go?
thoracic and abdominal organs
Where do special visceral efferents (branchiomotor) from the vagus go?
muscles of pharynx and soft palate
cricothyroid muscle
all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid
What reflexes does the vagus participate in?
carotid body and sinus, cough
The atlas has a body. T or F?
FALSE
What does the atlas have instead of a body? What does it articulate with?
large neural arch
skull
axis body extends superiorly into atlas, this extension s called the (blank) or (blank0
dens or odontoid process
What does the atlas attach to on the kull?
the occipital condyle
What nerve passes through the thyrohyoid membrane?
internal branch of superior laryngeal from X
Where does the left recurrent laryngeal recur?
around the ligamentum arteriosum, arch of the aorta
Where does the right recurrent laryngeal recur?
around the right subclavin artery
A tumor in the mediastinum will translate to what kind of laryngeal pathology?
paralysis of left vocal cord
What nerve is at risk during thyroid surgery?
recurrent laryngeal
What holds the dens of the axis in the atlas?
the cruciform ligament
explain the insertion and origin of the alar ligaments.
come from the occipital bone and attaches to head of dens
What happens if your cruciform ligament breaks?
your dens will go posterior and you will crush your spinal cord
What are the prevertebral muscles?
rectus capitis lateralis
rectus capitis anterior
longus capitis
longus colli
What will prevertebral muscles do?
flex or stabilize the neck during lateral movement
What are the prevertebral muscles innervated by?
ventral rami of spinal nerves
What muscle does the internal jugular vein lay beneath?
the SCM
the external jugular lays on top of the SCM
What all does the SCM do?
allows for rotation of the neck and flexes the neck bilaterally from C1-C7 but b/w the occipital bone and the axis it will extend.
what do the scalene muscles do?
lateral bending and stabilization
