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Block 5 Week 4 Dani > Sievert-Oral Cavity and Pharynx > Flashcards

Sievert-Oral Cavity and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What structures, if too tight, will cause the inability of babies to suckle?

A

frenulum (of lips and tongue)

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2
Q

What do you call the protrusion that leads to the submandibular duct?

A

the caruncle

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3
Q

What does the caruncle end as?

A

the opening of submandibular duct

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4
Q

What do you find next to the lingual nerve? Tell me the orientation of these

A

the deep lingual artery and vein

vein is most superficial> lingual nerve > deep lingual artery

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5
Q

Where does the deep lingual artery come off of?

A

external carotid artery

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6
Q

What are the little tiny holes and folds under the tongue?

A

the sublingual fold with openings of sublingual ducts

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7
Q

What is the parotid papilla and where is it?

A

the opening of the parotid duct located at the opposite 2nd upper molar tooth

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8
Q

How do you number teeth?

A

1 starts at the top back right and and you count left. Then start from bottom left to right. Should equal 32 :)

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9
Q

What is the anterior arch of the palate?

A

the palatoglossal arch

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10
Q

What is the posterior arch of the palate?

A

palatopharyngeal arch

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11
Q

What tonsil are the ones you get removed when you get too many sore throats?

A

the palantine tonsils

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12
Q

What is the palatoglossal arch innervated by?

A

CN 10

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13
Q

What is the muscle that goes to the palate to the pharynx? What CN innervates this?

A

palatopharyngeal muscle

CN 10

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14
Q

What are are the three parts to the pharynx?

A

nasal, oral, laryngo

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15
Q

What muscle goes to the uvula and allows it to contract?

A

the levator veli palantini muscle.

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16
Q

Anything with the word palate in it is innervated by what cranial nerve (except for the tensor veli palantini muscle)?

A

CN 10

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17
Q

The (blank) (also known as nasopalatine foramen or anterior palatine foramen) is the oral opening of the nasopalatine canal.

A

The incisive foramen

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18
Q

What goes through the incisive foramen?

A

the nasopalantine nerve

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19
Q

Which papillae doesnt contain tastebuds?

A

filiform

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20
Q

What innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

CN 7 (taste) CN V3 (sensory)

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21
Q

What innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

CN 9 and some by CN 10d

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22
Q

What 2 things do you find at the root of the tongue?

A

the foramen cecum and terminal sulcus

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23
Q

What separates the anterior from the posterior part of the tongue?

A

the circumvallate papillae (sulcus terminalis)

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24
Q

What do you find in between the hyoglossus muscle and the mylohyoid on the lateral side of the floor of the mouth?

A 
lingual nerve (superior)
hypoglossal nerve (inferior)
lingual artery (superior)
submanidbular duct (most inferior)
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25
Q

What ganglion can you see on the lingual nerve?

A

sumandibular ganglion

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26
Q

All the muscles of the tongue intrinsic and extrinsic (anything with glossus) are innervated by CN (balnk) except for the palatoglossus which is by CN (blank)

A

12

10

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27
Q

What are the three tongue muscles that are innervated by CN 12?

A

styloglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus

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28
Q

What muscle has a glossus in it but isnt innervated by 12 and what is it innervated by?

A

the palatoglossus

CN 10

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29
Q

All the muscles of the palate are innervated by CN (Blank) except for the tensor vali palantine

A

10

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30
Q

What is the function of the hyoglossus muscle?

A

depresses and retracts tongue

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31
Q

What does the genioglossus muscle do?

A

Inferior fibers protrude the tongue, middle fibers depress the tongue, and its superior fibers draw the tip back and down

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32
Q

If you have problem with CN 12 what way will your tongue point?

A

towards the affected side (in both upper and lower motor neuron syndrome)

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33
Q

What does the styloglossus muscle do?

A

retraction and elevation of tongue

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34
Q

What does the palatoglossus do?

A

raises back part of tongue

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35
Q

How many cranial nerves supply the tongue?

A

5

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36
Q

What supplies the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue with taste and sensation?

A

lingual nerve (CN V3) for GSA and chorda tympani (CN 7) for taste

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37
Q

What supplies the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue with taste and sensation?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9) for taste and the internal laryngeal nerve (CN 10) for GSA

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38
Q

What gives motor to the whole tongue?

A

CN 12 and CN 10 (palatoglossus)

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39
Q

What nerve supplies the palatoglossus?

A

CN 10

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40
Q

What tonsils cause chronic ear infections in kids and why?

What can you do about it?

A 
pharyngeal tonsils (AKA adenoids), because they swell and close off the auditory tube
take em out or put in a tube
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41
Q

From posterior to anterior, please tell me the distribution of the tonsillar ring

A

adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)
lateral pharyngeal band
palantine tonsil
lingual tonsil

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42
Q

Between what structures can you find the palantine tonsils?

A

between the palatoglossal arch and the palatopharyngeal arch

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43
Q

When are the elements of the tonsillar ring resorbed?

A

starting at puberty

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44
Q

If you get a long lasting inflammation of this tonsil, you will constantly feel like you need to clear your throat. What tonsil am I talking about?

A

lingual

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45
Q

Which teeth are not present in children?

A

missing 2 premolar teeth and have 2 molars instead of 3

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46
Q

What part of the pharynx is strictly respiratory?

A

Nasopharynx

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47
Q

Where is the oropharynx and what does it allow to pass through it?

A

posterior to oral cavity and allows for digestive and respiratory products

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48
Q

What is the area posterior to larynx and allows for digestive and respiratory products to pass through, what dont you really want to pass through here?

A

the laryngopharyx

air

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49
Q

Nasal and oral pharynx can both handle (blank) and (Blank)

A

air and liquid

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50
Q

THe pharynx extends from where to where?

A

from the base of the skull to C6 vertebrae (Cricoid cartilage)

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51
Q

At what spinal level will you find the cricoid cartilage?

A

C6

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52
Q

What are the division of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngeal pharynx

53
Q

What opening is found in the nasopharynx?

A

ostium of the auditory tube (pharyngotympanic tube)

54
Q

The pharyngopalatine arch is found in which division of the pharynx?

A

oropharynx

55
Q

The pharyngo-epiglottic fold is found in which division of the pharynx?

A

oropharynx

56
Q

The vallecula is found in which division of the pharynx?

A

oral pharyx

57
Q

What is found in the laryngeal pharynx?

A

epiglottis
laryngeal inlet
piriform recess

58
Q

What is the swelling associated with the nasopharynx?

A

torus tubarius: houses lymphoid tissue

59
Q

What are the adenoids and where are they found?

A

AKA pharyngeal tonsils and they are located in the nasopharynx and it is a mass of lymphoid tissue

60
Q

what muscle does this:

Assists in elevating the pharynx, pulls on torus tubarius to pressure equalize middle ear

A

salpingopharyngeus muscle

61
Q

In the wall of the auditory tube what 2 muscles will you find related to the palate? What part of the pharynx are these found?

A

Levator veli palatini- elevates palate
tensor veli palatini -tenses palate/opens auditory tube

Nasopharynx

62
Q

What does the levator veli palatini do?

A

elevates palate and pulls the uvula up :)

63
Q

What does the tensor veli palatini do?

A

tenses palate and opens auditory tube

64
Q

Which muscle to the palate comes from the posterior aspect of the auditory tube?

A

the tensor vali palanine muscle

65
Q

What part of the pharynx are these associated with:
cartilagenous end of auditory tube
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini

A

nasopharynx/soft palate

66
Q

What CN innervates the levator veli palatini, what are its origin and insertion, what does it do?

A

CN 10, temporal bone and auditory tube, elevates soft palate

67
Q

What CN innervates the tensor veli palatini, what are its origin and insertion and what does it do?

A

CN 5 , sphenoid bone and auditory tube. Tenses thes ft palate and opens the auditory tube

68
Q

Which wall of the auditory tube is more membranous, the medial or lateral wall? Why is this signif?

A

the lateral wall

this is where the tensor veli palantine comes off

69
Q

What contains the cells bodies of nerves that innervate the muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larnyx which are strongly associated with speech and swallowing.

A

nucleus ambiguus

70
Q

What does the DMX provide?

A

GVE

71
Q

What includes the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue, palantine tonsil between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arch and the valleculae (recess at base of tongue)

A

the oropharynx

72
Q

What is teh recess at the base of the tongue called? What is this innervated by?

A

the valleculae

CN 10

73
Q

What are the three components of the laryngopharynx?

A 
epiglottis
laryngeal inlet (aditus)
piriform fossa (recess)
74
Q

What 2 recesses can be found in the oro and laryngeal pharynx? What can both of these do?

A

vallecula and piriform recess

can contract and cause discomfort and gagging

75
Q

What are the three pharyngeal constrictors?

A

superior constrictor
middle constrictor
inferior constriot

76
Q

Anteriorly what does the superior constrictor muscle attach to?

A

buccinator at the pterygomandibular raphe

77
Q

Where does the middle constritor muscle attach to?

A

the hyoid bone

78
Q

Where does the inferior constrict end at and what is it continuous with?

A

ends at cricoid cartilage,

continuous with esophagus.

79
Q

Which intrinsic pharyngeal muscle is shaped like a baseball diamond with the back larger than the front?

A

middle constrictor

80
Q

the buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor attach to the (blank)

A

pterygomandibular raphe

81
Q

The middle constrictor attaches to the (blank)

A

greater horn of the hyoid and stylohyoid ligament

82
Q

The inferior constrictor attaches to the (blank) and (blank) cartilage

A

thryoid and cricoid cartilage

83
Q

How do they constrictor muscles connect to one another? Why?

A

the are stacked within each other like flower pots.

so that food doesnt get stuck between them

84
Q

What muscle forms the narrowest portion of the pharynx?

A

criopharyngeus muscle at the esophageal junction

85
Q

Which constrictor muscle is continuous with the esophagus?

A

the inferior constrictor

86
Q

What are the three external muscles of the pharynx (CN)?

A

palatopharyngeus (X)
stylopharyngeus (IX)
salpinogopharyngeus (X)

87
Q

What is zenkers diverticulum?

A

when food or something between constrictor muscles

88
Q

Where do you commonly get zenkers diveriticulum?

A

between the inferior constrictor and criocpharyngeus muscle

89
Q

The pharynx gets innervation from three sources which converge on the posterior lateral wall as the (blank)

A

pharyngeal plexus

90
Q

What are the three contributions to the pharyngeal plexus?

A

sensory from CN IX
motor from CN X (except one muscle)
sympathetic (from sympathetic chain)

91
Q

What CN are involved in gagging?

A

In on 9 out on 10

92
Q

What provides sensory to the pharyngeal plexus?

A

glossopharyngeal (CN 9)

93
Q

What provides motor to all muscles of the pharynx except the stylopharyngeus?

A

vagus (CN 10)

94
Q

Where do you get sympathetics and paraysmpathetics to the pharynx?

A

sympathetics come from sympathetic chain

Parasympathetics from CN 10

95
Q

Fibers of the pharyngeal plexus are embedded in what fascia?

A

the buccopharyngeal fascia on posterior wall of pharynx

96
Q

What branch of the vagus is the motor supply to the muscles of the pharynx?

A

pharyngeal branch of X

97
Q

What branch of the vagus splits into 2 branches to supply the area around the larynx?

A

superior laryngeal nerve that branches into the internal and external branch

98
Q

What does the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

gives sensory innervation to the epiglottis and lot of larynx above the vocal cord.

99
Q

What does the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve do?

A

motor to the cricothyroid

100
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve do?

A

sensory below vocal cords and motor to all other muscles of the larynx other than the circothyroid muscle. (can be involved in cancer)

101
Q

What kind of fibers does CN 9 carry?

A

general sensory, viscerosensory (inc. taste), visceromotor, branchiomotor

102
Q

What do GSA go from CN 9?

A

to external ear
soft palate
pharynx
tongue

103
Q

Where do general visceral afferents and special visceral afferents from CN 9 go?

A

carotid body and sinus

tongue

104
Q

Where do general visceral efferents go from CN 9?

A

parotid gland

105
Q

Where do special visceral efferents (branchiomotor) from CN 9 go?

A

stylopharyngeus

106
Q

What fibers travel on the vagus nerve?

A

general sensory, viscerosensory, visceromotor, branchiomotor

107
Q

Where do general somatic afferents from the vagus go?

A

to external ear, larynx and vocal cords

108
Q

Where do special visceral sensory and general visceral sensory afferents from the vagus go?

A

taste to the epiglottis

thoracic and abdominal organs

109
Q

Where do general visceral efferents from the vagus go?

A

thoracic and abdominal organs

110
Q

Where do special visceral efferents (branchiomotor) from the vagus go?

A

muscles of pharynx and soft palate
cricothyroid muscle
all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

111
Q

What reflexes does the vagus participate in?

A

carotid body and sinus, cough

112
Q

The atlas has a body. T or F?

A

FALSE

113
Q

What does the atlas have instead of a body? What does it articulate with?

A

large neural arch

skull

114
Q

axis body extends superiorly into atlas, this extension s called the (blank) or (blank0

A

dens or odontoid process

115
Q

What does the atlas attach to on the kull?

A

the occipital condyle

116
Q

What nerve passes through the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal from X

117
Q

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal recur?

A

around the ligamentum arteriosum, arch of the aorta

118
Q

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal recur?

A

around the right subclavin artery

119
Q

A tumor in the mediastinum will translate to what kind of laryngeal pathology?

A

paralysis of left vocal cord

120
Q

What nerve is at risk during thyroid surgery?

A

recurrent laryngeal

121
Q

What holds the dens of the axis in the atlas?

A

the cruciform ligament

122
Q

explain the insertion and origin of the alar ligaments.

A

come from the occipital bone and attaches to head of dens

123
Q

What happens if your cruciform ligament breaks?

A

your dens will go posterior and you will crush your spinal cord

124
Q

What are the prevertebral muscles?

A

rectus capitis lateralis
rectus capitis anterior
longus capitis
longus colli

125
Q

What will prevertebral muscles do?

A

flex or stabilize the neck during lateral movement

126
Q

What are the prevertebral muscles innervated by?

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves

127
Q

What muscle does the internal jugular vein lay beneath?

A

the SCM

the external jugular lays on top of the SCM

128
Q

What all does the SCM do?

A

allows for rotation of the neck and flexes the neck bilaterally from C1-C7 but b/w the occipital bone and the axis it will extend.

129
Q

what do the scalene muscles do?

A

lateral bending and stabilization

Block 5 Week 4 Dani (14 decks)

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