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Block 5 Week 4 Dani > Early Childhood Development > Flashcards

Early Childhood Development Flashcards

1
Q

Sequence of brain development is (blank)

A

genetically programmed

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2
Q

(blank) of brain development is shaped by experience.

A

quality

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3
Q

What is the link between experience and innate ability?

A

neuroplasticity

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4
Q

To learn a fact or skill there must be persistent (blank) in the brain that represent the new knowledge

A

changes

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5
Q

Every skill you have, every fact you know, every memory you hold hs a (blank) in the brain

A

physical form

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6
Q

The brain is shaped by (blank)

A

experience

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7
Q

In a newborn brain, brain activity is confied to (blank)

A

subcortical structures (brainste,, cerebellum, thalamus)

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8
Q

What is the most undeveloped part of the newborn brain?

A

cerebral cortex

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9
Q

How does the brain develop?

A

from bottom up

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10
Q

What are the newborn reflexes?

A

Moro, root, suck, grasp, tonic neck, babinski

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11
Q

When do the newborn reflexes get suppressed as upper motor neurons?

A

when the cortex matures

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12
Q

What are the nwborn senses?

A 
touch
vestibular
smell
taste
hearing
vision (primitive)
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13
Q

At what age do you get synapse formation?

A

36 weeks gestation to 2 years

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14
Q

At what age do you get synapse pruning?

A

4 years to 6 years

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15
Q

What is the critical period?

A

the window of time in which brain has heightened ability to rewire in response to input from environment

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16
Q

Inadequate sitmulate during critical period can have permanent (blank)

A

disabling effect

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17
Q

How can you get congenital cataracts? What can result if not detected by 6 months?

A

lack of sitmulation to visual cortex

permanent vision impairment

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18
Q

What happens if you have language deprivation as a baby?

A

you will never be able to use grammer or assemble sentences correctly if

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19
Q

What happens if you have socia/global deprivation?

A

severe development and psychiatic problems due to lack of attention, love and physical contact early in life. Usually deeply trouble for life, even if adopted by loving family

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20
Q

Achievement of developmental milestones is a result of (blank) and (Blank) in cortical areas controlling those functions

A

synapse formation and pruning

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21
Q

If appropriate stimulation is absent/insufficient before the process of synapse formation and pruning is complete, then what happens?

A

an ability may be permanently lost

This is why recognition of developmental delay and early intervention are so important

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22
Q

What are the four major developmental domains?

A

gross motor
fine motor
language
social-emotional

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23
Q

New skills develop with maturations of (blank) and (blank)

A

motor cortex
complex feedback circuits
(medial and lateral premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, primary somatic sensory cortex)

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24
Q

What do the complex feedback circuits involve?

A

sensation and proprioception

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25
Q

How old is a child if they can lift head and shoulders when prone, has good head contol and begins to roll?

A

4 months

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26
Q

How old is a child if they are able to lift head when prone?

A

2 months

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27
Q

How old is a child if they can sit well alone?

A

8 months

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28
Q

HOw old is a child if they can roll well and sit in a tripod?

A

6 months

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29
Q

HOw old is child if they can crawl and pull to a stand?

A

9-10 months

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30
Q

How old is a child if they can walk without support?

A

12-15 months

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31
Q

How old is a child if thye can throw a ball overhand, runs , stoop to pick up a toy?

A

18 months

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32
Q

How old is a child if they can kick balls, climbs into chairs and jump?

A

24 months

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33
Q

What are gross motor red flags!?!?!?!?!

A 
No head control by 4 months
Does not sit alone by 8 months
Does not crawl by 10 months
Does not walk by 15 months
Toe walks at least 50% of time after 6 months of walking alone
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34
Q

How old is a child that is able to bring hands together, to mouth?

A

2 months

35
Q

HOw old is a child if they prefer dominant hand, unscrews lids, fits toys together, turns books pages, turns doorknob?

A

24 months

36
Q

How old is a child if they reach for objects and voluntary grasps?

A

4 months

37
Q

How old is a child if they put objects in/out of containers, scribbles with crayons?

A

18 months

38
Q

How old is a child if they transfer objects, bangs/splashes with hands?

A

6 months

39
Q

How old is a child if they bang objects together, pincer grasp?

A

9 months

40
Q

HOlw old is a child if they release objects deliberatly, holds crayons/spoons?

A

12 months

41
Q

What are fine motor red flags?!??!?!?!?!?

A

Does not reach and grasp toys by 6 months
Does not transfer toys by 9 months
Does not feed self with fingers by 12 months
Does not use pincer grasp by 12 months
Does not use a cup by 15 months
Does not scribble with crayon by 18 months

42
Q

In regards to language skills, new skills develop with the maturation of what structures?

A

broca’s and wernickes areas of cortex and motor control of mouth/tongue/face

43
Q

Which area for language skills matures first?

A 
wernickes area (controls nouns)
Brocas area is second (controls verbs and grammar)
44
Q

How old is a child if they are giving a social smile and cooing?

A

2 months

45
Q

How old is a child if they turn heads to voice?

A

4 months

46
Q

How old is a child if they are babbling, squealing?

A

6 months

47
Q

How old is a child if they wave bye-bbye, looks at person speaking, gives objects on command?

A

9-12 months

48
Q

How old is a chil if they use 2-8 words spontaneously, 3 animal sounds?

A

12-15months

49
Q

How old is a child if they use 20-50 meaningful words, 2-word phrases, 50% intelligible?

A

18-24 months

50
Q

What are the red flags for language?

A

Does not turn head to voice/noise by 4 months
Does not vocalize by 6 months
Does not have at least 2 meaningful words by 12 months
Does not have at least 5-10 meaningful words by 18 months
Does not put 2 words together by 24 months

51
Q

For social and emotional skill, new skills develop how?

A

with right orbitofrontal cortex connections to limbic systems

52
Q

What does the right orbitofrontal cortex and limbic system regulate?

A

empathy, affect, and capcity for self-awarness

53
Q

How old is a child if they are have awareness of people, regards faces, forms attachments?

A

0-5 months

54
Q

How old is a child if they play social games (peek-a-boo)?

A

6-11 months

55
Q

How old is a child if they show affection, initiate social contact, points for needs/wants, gaze follows parents’ pointing?

A

12-17 months

56
Q

How old is a child if they seek help when in trouble and imitate parents activities?

A

18-24 months

57
Q

What are red flags of social-emotional development?

A 
All by 18 months:
Not initiating social contact
Not showing affection
No reciprocal eye contact or giving/showing behaviors
Inability to show pleasure
58
Q

How do you asssess development?

A

exam
parent word of mouth
screening questionaires-> ( @ 9,18,30 months)
Screening tools: Denver II, ages and stages

59
Q

What is the most widely used screenin test?

A

Denver II

60
Q

In the denver assessment tool, what 4 categories are the tasks grouped into?

A

personal-social
fine motor-adaptive
language
gross motor

61
Q

What does the Denver II show you?

A

shows percent of each age group able to perform task

62
Q

What age groups can use the Denver II?

A

0-6 years

63
Q

When should you use the Denver II?

A

for severe delays (not good for finding subtle delays)

64
Q

How do you interepret the denver II?

A

child should be able to do tasks left of line

children should NOT be able to do tasks to right of line

65
Q

What is the Ages and Stages assessment tool?

A

it is a parent-completed questionnaire

66
Q

What do questions of the ages and stages address?

A 
communication
gross motor
fine motor
problem solving
personal-social
67
Q

What do you use the ages and stages assement tool for and why is it awesome?

A

it is easy to score and interpret, detects subtle delays well

68
Q

How do you interpret the ages and stages assessment tool?

A

white area good and gray area bad (60 is best across the board)

69
Q

How can you get problems of innate ability?

A

Genetics :(
(down syndrome, cleft palate, mytonic dystrophy)
pre/perinatal trauma, injury, illness (prematurity, TORCH* infections, FAS)

70
Q

What does TORCH stand for and what does it do?

A

Toxoplasmosis, other (syphillis), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes
Causes major brain damage

71
Q

What are factors in attachment?

A

secure
avoidant
ambivalent
disorganized

72
Q

What are factors in environment?

A

poverty
toxins
education
nutrition

73
Q

What are factors in life events?

A

parental loss
abuse, neglect
stress
illness, injury

74
Q

What are the symptoms of autism?

When do symptoms have to present to be autism?

A

impaired social interactions and communication, lack of empathy/awareness of others.
Unusual, reptitive, or narrow and obsessive interests and activities
Before age 3

75
Q

What is the rate of Autisms (ASD)?

A

1 in 88

76
Q

What are causes of autism?

A 
genetic factors (5x more likely in boys than girls)
Prenatal risk factors
77
Q

What are some prenatal risk factors for autism?

A

older parent, diabetic mother, certain infections,drugs, other maternal conditions

78
Q

How can you diagnose or screen for autism?

A

using the M-CHAT (should be performed on all 18 month olds)

79
Q

How do you treat autism?

A

intensive behavioral therapy

early the recognition the better

80
Q

What are these questions for:
Does your child ever bring objects over to you (parent) to show you something?
Does your child look you in the eye for more than a second or two?
Does your child ever seem oversensitive to noise? (e.g plugging ears)
Does your child smile in response to your face or your smile?
Does your child imitate you? (e.g you make a face-will your child imitate it?)

A

For autism

81
Q

What is the nevada early intervention service and who can use it?

A

Physical/occupational therapy; speech evaluation/therapy; autism evaluations; genetics evaluations; nutrition counseling; social skills
before age 3

82
Q

What is child find (school districts) and who can use it?

A

After age 3

Speech/evaluation therapy; autism evaluations/therapy

83
Q

The quality of early life experiences and attachment are crucial to a child’s (blank)

A

development

Block 5 Week 4 Dani (14 decks)

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