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*Medicine: Prescribing > Side Effects > Flashcards

Side Effects Flashcards

1
Q

What are anti-cholinergic side effects?

A
  • Dilated pupils
  • Blurred vision
  • Dry mouth
  • Flushed skin
  • Urinary retention
  • Constipation

Eg. TCAs, antihistamines, hyposcine, atropine, antipsychotics, incontinence meds

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2
Q

What are anti-histaminergic side effects?

A
  • Weight gain
  • Sedation

eg. TCAs, anti-psychotics, antihistamines

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3
Q

What are anti-alpha-adrenergic side effects?

A
  • Postural hypotension
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Nasal congestion
  • Headache

Eg. TCAs, antipsychotics, a-blockers

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4
Q

What are anti-dopaminergic side effects?

A
  • Extrapyramidal side → tardive dyskinesias, parkinsonism
  • Hyperprolactinaemia → galactorrhoea, oligomenorrhoea, subfertility
  • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
  • Oculogyric crisis

Eg. metoclopramide, anti-psychotics

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5
Q

Rifampicin

A
  • Orange-red tears/urine
  • Hepatitis
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6
Q

Isoniazid

A
  • Neuropathy
  • Hepatitis
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7
Q

Pyrazinamide

A
  • Gout
  • Hepatitis
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8
Q

Ethambutol

A
  • Colour blindness
  • Optic neuritis
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9
Q

Phenytoin

A
  • Toxicity (→ cerebellar syndrome)
  • Acne
  • Coarse face
  • Gum hypertrophy
  • Hirsuitism
  • Inhibits COCP
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10
Q

Carbamazepine

A
  • Rash
  • Dizziness
  • Hyponatraemia
  • Hair thinning
  • Inhibits COCP
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11
Q

Sodium Valproate

A
  • Tremor
  • Weight gain
  • Hair thinning
  • Teratogenic (avoid if child-bearing age)
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12
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)

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13
Q

SSRI

A

Eg. fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline

  • Nausea
  • Low libido
  • Withdrawal
  • Insomnia
  • Hyponatraemia
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14
Q

TCAs

A

eg. amitryptiline

  • Anti-cholinergic effects
  • Anti-histaminergic effects
  • Anti-a-adrenergic effects
  • Hyponatraemia (SIADH)
  • Arrhythmias
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15
Q

MAOIs

A

eg. selegiline

  • Hypertension
  • Hepatocellular jaundice
  • Hyperthermia
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16
Q

ACEi

A
  • Dry cough
  • Postural hypotension
  • Renal failure in renal artery stenosis (check U+Es before + 2wks after)
  • Angioedema of tongue
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Profound hypotension when started
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17
Q

CCBs

A
  • Ankle oedema
  • Headache
  • Flushing
  • Dizziness
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18
Q

B-blockers

A
  • Diabetes risk
  • Impotence
  • Bradycardia
  • Fatigue
  • Cold peripheries
  • Sleep disturbance
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19
Q

Alpha-blockers

A
  • Postural hypotension
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Nasal congestion
  • Headache
20
Q

ALL diuretics

A
  • Dehydration
  • Hypotension
  • Hyperuricaemia
  • Hypokalaemia (except K+ sparing)
  • Hyponatraemia
  • Hypomagnesaemia
21
Q

Apart from the all diuretic side effects, what is one specific loop diuretic side effect?

A
  • Hypocalcaemia

Used in treatment of hypercalcaemia

22
Q

Apart from all diuretic side effects, what is a thiazide specific side effect?

A
  • Hypercalcaemia
23
Q

Apart from all diuretic side effects, what are K+ sparing specific side-effects?

A
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Gynaecomastia
24
Q

Sulfasalazine

A
  • Myelosuppression
  • Oligospermia
  • Hepatitis
  • Rashes (SJS, erythema nodosum)
  • Renal problems
  • Discoloured urine
25
Q

Choloroquine

A
  • Retinopathy
  • Tinnitus
  • Myopathy
26
Q

Methotrexate

A
  • Hepatic toxicity
  • Pulmonary toxicity
  • Myelosuppression
  • Mucositis
27
Q

TNF inhibitors (-mabs)

A
  • Infusion rxns (anaphylaxis)
  • Infections (TB reactivation)
  • Autoimmune rxns
  • Blood disorders
28
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A
  • Haemorrhagic cystitis
  • Myelosuppression
  • Alopecia
29
Q

Insulin

A
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Fat-hypertrophy at injection site
  • Hypokalaemia (used in Rx of hyperkalaemia)
  • Weight gain
30
Q

Metformin

A
  • Weight loss
  • Lactic acidosis
  • Metallic taste
  • GI disturbance
  • B12 deficiency
31
Q

Sulphonylureas (gliclazide)

A
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Weight gain
32
Q

Thiazolidinediones (glitazones eg. pioglitazone)

A
  • Fluid retention → HF, oedema
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Fractures
33
Q

DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins)

A

Pancreatitis

34
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors (flozins)

A
  • UTIs/thrush
  • Ketoacidosis
  • Weight loss
  • May increase risk of amputations
35
Q

What are side-effects of ALL antipsychotics?

A
  • Anti-dopaminergic
  • Anti-cholinergic
  • Anti-histaminergic
  • Anti-alpha-adrenergic
36
Q

Clozapine

A

Agranulocytosis

37
Q

Chlorpomazine

A

Cholestatic jaundice

38
Q

Haloperidol

A
  • Prolonged QT interval
  • Interference w/ temp regulation
39
Q

Lithium

A
  • Toxicity (tremor/ataxia/dysarthria) → coma, convulsions, hypotension
  • Diarrhoea
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Diabetes insipidus
40
Q

Steroids

A
  • Diabetes risk + hyperglycaemia
  • Cushingoid appearance
  • Psychosis
  • Osteoporosis
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Infections + Leukocytosis
  • Risk of avascular necrosis
41
Q

Azathioprine

A

Myelosuppression

42
Q

Ciclosporin

A
  • Tremor
  • Chronic interstitial nephritis
  • Hypertrichosis
  • Gum hyperplasia
  • Burning sensation in hands/feet
43
Q

Levodopa

A
  • Nausea
  • Red urine + other body fluids
  • Postural hypotension
  • Dyskinesias
  • “on-off” and “wearing off” effects
44
Q

PPIs

A
  • Tinnitus
  • GI disturbance
  • Headache
  • Hyponatraemia
  • Hypomagnesaemia
45
Q

Amiodarone

A
  • Thyroiditis
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Myopathy
  • Blue-grey skin pigmentation
  • Skin photosensitivity
  • Hepatitis
  • Metallic taste
46
Q

Digoxin

A

Signs of toxicity:

  • Xanthopsia (yellow/orange tinge to vision)
  • GI distress
  • Any arrhythmia
47
Q

Adenosine

A
  • Flushing
  • Sense of impending doom

*Medicine: Prescribing (13 decks)

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