Sialadenitis Flashcards
What is acute sialadenitis?
Sudden inflammation of the salivary glands
Who does sialadenitis typically affect?
Common in 50s-60s but can occur at any age
Those who are dehydrated or poor oral hygiene
Sialadenitis is caused by…
Bacteria - staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus viridans, haemophilius influenzae
Viral - paramyxovirus (mumps), coxsackievirus, echovirus, HIV
What usually precedes a bacterial infection?
Duct blockage by a stone
What can reduce the flow of saliva through the ducts?
Dehydration
Illness
Medications
These can allow deposits to form - slows flow even more
What are sialoliths?
Salivary stones
What symptoms and signs are associated with sialadenitis?
Painful diffuse swelling of gland Pain on opening mouth if severe Redness of skin Less saliva Bad taste from pus Fever
What glands does sialadenitis typically affect?
Submandibular and parotid
Is chronic sialadenitis common or rare and what is sometimes seen in?
Rare TB Sarcoidosis HIV Syphilis Sjögren’s syndrome - diffuse parotid enlargement
What are some characteristics of chronic sialadenitis?
Less pain
Gland enlarges following meal
Lack of redness on skin
Caused by decreased salivary flow from fibrosis after acute infection or autoimmune process
How is sialadenitis diagnosed?
Swollen gland
Culture of pus collected by compressing gland
Imaging - abscess, stone, tumour
How is acute sialadenitis managed?
Hydration Gland massage to stimulate saliva flow Good oral hygiene Antibiotics for infection Medication to stimulate saliva production
Sialolithiasis usually affects which gland?
Submandibular- secretions richer in calcium and thicker
What symptoms are associated with sialolithiasis?
Pain and swelling which is worse during meals
Stone may be palpable in floor of mouth
If sialolithiasis is suspected, what imaging can be done?
US
Sialogram
