Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENT (Throat) > Anatomy Of Larynx > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What does the larynx lie below?

A

The hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the larynx begin as?

A

Laryngeal inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the larynx continue as?

A

The trachea (at C6/ lower boarder of cricoid cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the route of inspired air?

A

Oral cavity/ nasopharynx -> oropharynx -> larynx -> trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What route does food take to get to stomach?

A

Oral cavity-> oropharynx -> laryngopharynx -> oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main function of the larynx?

A

Provide a protective sphincter for the lower respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 3 SINGLE cartilages make up the larynx?

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 3 PAIRED cartilages contribute to the larynx?

A

Arytenoid cartilages
Corniculate
Cuneiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Numerous membranes and ligaments help give shape to the larynx e.g :

A

Thyrohyoid membrane
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricotracheal membrane
Quadrangular membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the only complete ring of cartilage in respiratory tract?

A

Cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What shape is the cricoid cartilage described as?

A

Signet ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the epiglottis attach to?

A

The inner surface of thyroid cartilage via series of ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of joint is between the cricoid and thyroid cartilage?

A

Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Adam’s apple?

A

Laryngeal prominence of thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is a cricothyroidectomy needed?

A

When a patient cannot be intubated or ventilated e.g swelling to vocal cords

Emergency access to provide patent airway - the cricothyroid membrane is below the vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the quadrangular membrane?

A

Membrane that joins edges of epiglottis to arytenoid cartilage and inner surface of thyroid cartilage.

Forms an oval shape opening into larynx - margins of this oval =aryepiglottic folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What lies at side of laryngeal inlet?

A

Pisiform fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the vestibular ligament?

A

The free lower boarder of the quadrangular membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the vestibular ligament also called?

A

False vocal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the vocal ligament?

A

Thickening of the upper boarder of the cricothyroid ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is another name for the vocal ligament?

A

True vocal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of epithelium lines the larynx?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

EXCEPTION = true vocal cords = stratified squamous epithelium

23
Q

The larynx is divided into 3 regions…

A

Supraglottis (or laryngeal vestibule)
Glottis
Infraglottis

24
Q

The supraglottis lies above the…

A

Vocal cords

= from the epiglottis to false vocal cords

25
Q

What is the glottis?

A

True vocal cords and gap between them

26
Q

What is the infraglottis?

A

Below the vocal cords, ending at inferior border of cricoid

27
Q

Why does the true vocal cord have stratified squamous epithelium?

A

This epithelium found in areas under abrasive forces - lots of air vibrating through true vocal cords

28
Q

What lies between vestibular and vocal folds?

A

The saccule - contains mucus glands that keep folds moist

29
Q

What is the rima glottidis?

A

Gap between true cords

30
Q

There are many laryngeal muscles, what are their main actions?

A

Close larynx during swallowing to protect respiratory tract
Open larynx to allow movement of air
Control movements of vocal cords in phonation and cough reflex

31
Q

What is the role of posterior cricoarytenoid?

A

Abduct (open) vocal cords

The only muscle capable of widening the rima glottidis

32
Q

What determines the position of the true vocal cords and therefore size of the aperture?

A

Position of arytenoids on cricoid cartilage

33
Q

What supply all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles? (Except cricothyroid muscle)

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus CN X

34
Q

What supplies the cricothyroid muscle?

A

External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve - branch of vagus nerve

35
Q

During inspiration and expiration, what do the vocal cords do?

A

Abduct

36
Q

What do the vocal cords do during phonation?

A

Adduct - expired air forced through closely adducted cords to vibrate a column of air

37
Q

What happens to cords during a cough?

A

Vocal cords powerfully adduct, intrathoracic pressure builds, then cords suddenly abduct

38
Q

What is pitch of sound determined by?

A

Vocal cord tension

39
Q

Are vocal cords taut or relaxed for high pitched sounds?

A

Taut

Low pitched - cords relaxed

40
Q

What does bilateral contraction of cricothyroid muscles do?

A

Increased length and tension in vocal cords

  • does this by tilting thyroid cartilage forward on cricoid
41
Q

What artery the external laryngeal nerve closely related to?

A

Superior thyroid

42
Q

Injury to the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve can lead to…

A

Hoarseness of voice - especially high pitch sounds

43
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Suprahyoid: geniohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric, stylohyoid

Infrahyoid: thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, sternohyoid

44
Q

What is the role of the supra and infrahyoid muscles?

A

Suprahyoids - elevate larynx

Infrahyoids - depress larynx

45
Q

What happens to the larynx during swallowing?

A

Contraction of ariepiglottic muscles to narrow laryngeal inlet and pull down epiglottis

Elevation of larynx (pharyngeal muscles and suprahyoid muscles)

Closure of vocal cords

46
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve gives rise to internal and external branches. What do the do?

A

Internal - purely sensory (above vocal cords)

External - motor to cricothyroid

47
Q

The vagus nerve loops under what … to form recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

On the left - arch of the aorta
On right - subclavian artery

Ascends in tracheo-oesophageal grove

48
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

All intrinsic muscles of larynx expect cricothyroid

Sensory below vocal cords (infraglottic region)

49
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve is closely associated with what artery?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

50
Q

What situations can put the recurrent laryngeal nerve at risk?

A

Thyroid surgery - RLN is close to inferior thyroid artery
Aortic arch aneurysm (left RLN)
Cancer involving apex of lung (right RLN)
Disease or surgery involving larynx, oesophagus or thyroid

51
Q

Unilateral RLN lesions can cause…

A

Unilateral vocal cord palsies

52
Q

What symptoms can a unilateral vocal cord palsy cause?

A

Hoarseness of voice

Ineffective cough

53
Q

A paralysed vocal cord assumes what position?

A

Paramedian - between fully abducted and full adducted

54
Q

What happens in bilateral RLN lesion?

A

Both vocal cords paralysed and in paramedian position
Narrow glottis
- significant airway obstruction- emergency surgical airway

ENT (Throat) (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions