SI CH 4 Session Flashcards
What is the ultimate source of Earth’s biological energy?
the sun
What is the photosynthesis equation? IMPORTANT
sunlight + 6CO2 +6H2O –> 6CO2 + C6H12O6
the energy of motion
kinetic energy
stored energy =
potential energy
Potential or kinetic?
An arrow that is pulled back by a bow has which type of energy?
potential
Which is the best example that a something has kinetic energy?
a. a car parked on a steep hill
b. a tennis ball rolling across the court
c. a picture hanging on the wall
d. a piece of coal before its burned
b. a tennis ball rolling across the court
- the faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has
A ball at the top of a hill is what type of energy?
potential
What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?
energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be transferred.
Why is the transformation of energy incredibly inefficient?
Most of the energy is wasted, transferred to heat.
What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?
Entropy is a measure of disorder
what is the amount of disorder/randomness?
entropy
What is entropy?
the amount of disorder/ randomness
greater __1.__ means greater __2.__
- disorder
- entropy
increase in disorder = _____
higher entropy
self-feeders
- organisms that make their own cellular energy sources
autotrophs
3 examples of autotrophs
bacteria, plants, algae
consumer / other- feeders
- organisms that a must obtain energy sources say consuming other organisms
heterotrophs
3 examples of heterotrophs
animals, fungi, protists
what is metabolism?
sum of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism
the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism is ..?
metabolism
2 major categories of metabolic reactions in cells?
- anabolic
- catabolic
Breaking up aa large molecule into. smaller molecules is __1.__ and results in __2.___ entropy
a. exergonic, incased
b. exergonic, decreased
c. endergonic, increased
d. endergonic, decreased
a. exergonic, increased
Organizing small molecules into a larger molecule ___ an organism’s entropy.
decreases
what is activation energy? IMPORTANT
additional energy to get a reaction started
additional energy to get a reaction started is called what?
activation energy
when a molecule losses electrons
oxidation
when a molecule gains electrons
reduction
reactions that are paired reactions between two molecules involving the movement of high-energy electrons
redox reaction
acronym for oxidation meaning :
O - oxidaation
I - is
L - loss of electrons
acronym for reduction meaning :
R - reduction
I - is
G - Gain of electrons
adenosine triphosphate is aka:
ATP
What is a good coupled reaction?
when endergonic and exergonic reactions occur together
What are enzymes?
catalysts
What are catalysts?
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction
site where substrate bonds
active site
the molecules that a the enzyme processes
substrate
induced fit means -
the enzyme changes shape so tat it can bind better to the substrate
when the enzyme cages shape so that it Cana bind better to the substrate it is called .
an induced fit
group of enzymes that help carry out the process
metabolic pathway
what is a metabolic pathway?
a group of enzymes that help carry out a process
Do enzymes reduce or increase activation energy?
reduces
how are enzymes regulated? directly or indirectly?
bot. Enzymes can be regulated directly and indirectly
a cellular product tat binds to an enzyme on a location tat is not the active site , active site changed shape
allosteric regulation
non-substrate molecule fits into active site and blocks real substrate access
competitive inhibition
something tat is permanently bound in the active site, means enzyme is dead
suicide inhibitor
what does a coenzyme do?
activate enzymes/ help enzymes
molecules or energy moving from high to low concentrations
diffusion
what is diffusion?
molecules or energy moving from high to low concentrations
what is osmosis?
movement of water molecules?
what is the movement of water molecules?
osmosis
In osmosis, does water move to high or low concentrations?
high
isotonic =
balanced
hypotonic =
outside has greater concentration of a solute
hypertonic =
inside has greater solute concentration
3 major modes of transmembrane transport in a cell:
simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport
this transmembrane transport requires no energy and goes from high to low concentration
simple diffusion
this transmembrane transport requires no energy, goes from high to low concentration and needs a membrane protein
facilitates diffusion
this transmembrane transport requires energy and goes from low to high concentration
active transport
