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OSPE 2020 > Shoulders (Limbs) > Flashcards

Shoulders (Limbs) Flashcards

1
Q

Name of the shoulder joint?

A

glenohumeral

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2
Q

What type and what supports the acromioclavicular joint?

A

synovial - supported by acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular (fromed by conoid and trapezoid) ligaments

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3
Q

what are the movements of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation and circumduction

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4
Q

Where is there a tendency to fracture?

A

surgical neck of the humerus

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5
Q

What forms the trochlear notch?

A

olecranon and coronoid process

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6
Q

What does the capitulum articulate with?

A

head of radius

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7
Q

What do the radius and ulna articulate to form?

A

proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints`

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8
Q

What are the bones of the wrist?

A

Straight line to pinky, here comes the thumb

Scaphoid, lunate, triquestrum, Pisiform,, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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9
Q

What is the pisiform?

A

Sesamoid bone as it is embedded in the tenddon of the Flexor carpi ulnaris

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10
Q

What forms the carpa;l tunnel?

A

Carpal bones and flexor tendon retinaculum

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11
Q

What passes through carpal tunnel?

A

4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus tendon and median nerve

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12
Q

What movements can the metacarpophalangeal joints do?

A

extend, adduct, abduct, circumduct, flex

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13
Q

Where does the pectoralis major arise from?

A

medial half of the clavicle, superior to costal cartilages and aponeurosis of external oblique

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14
Q

Where does the pectoralis major attach?

A

Lateral lip of intertubecular sulcus

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15
Q

What innervates the pectoralis major?

A

Lateral (C5,6,7) and medial pectoral (C8/T1) nerve

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16
Q

What are the pectoral muscles?

A

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius and serratus anterior

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17
Q

How would you test function of the pectoralis major?

A

Ask patient to adduct arm (bent elbow) agaijnst resistance whilst feeling the pec with the other hand

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18
Q

Test for the glenohumeral joint?

A

Pec test, medial rotation of forearm against resistance, flexion of upper limb against resistance

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19
Q

What are the attachments of pectoralis minor?

A

Origin: anterior surface of ribs 3-5
Inserts: corocoid process of scapula

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20
Q

What innervates the pectoralis minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8/T1)

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21
Q

Attachments of the subclavius?

A

Origin: first costochondral joint
Inserts: middle 3rd of clavicle

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22
Q

Function of pec minor and subclavius respectively?

A

stabilize the clavicle by drawing anteroinferiorly against thoracic wall, stabilize the clavicle by depressing

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23
Q

Serratus anterior attachments?

A

Origin: Lateral aspects of ribs 1-8
Inserts: medial border of scapula

24
Q

Serratus anterior innervation/

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7)

25
Q

Serratus anterior function and test?

A

laterally rotate and protract the scapula against the ribcage.

Arms out against the wall with straight arms and push against it. Feel the muscles under the axilla

26
Q

What are the extrinsic shoulder muscles?

A

Latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

27
Q

What are the Trapezius attachments?

A

Origin: occipital bone, nuchal ligament and spinous process C7-T12
InsertsL clavicle, acromion and scapular spine

28
Q

Trapezius test?

A

Raise shoulder against resistance (upper and middle fibres), Head backwards same process is just upper fibres

29
Q

Trapezius innervation?

A

Spinal Accessory nerve (proprioceptor fibres from C3/4)

30
Q

What controls wrist fine movement?

A

Ulna nerve

31
Q

Latissimus dorsi attachments?

A

Origin: vertebra T7-T12, iliac crest and ribs 9-12
Attaches: intertubecular groove of humerus

32
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (long scapular) C6,7,8

33
Q

Teres major innervation?

A

Lower subscapular nerve (c5/6)

34
Q

`Test for Teres major and Latissimus Dorsi?

A

Arm is abducted and flexed both and 45 degrees, resist pulling back and in while feeling the contraction

35
Q

What are the superficial extrinsic shoulder muscles?

A

Trapezius and Latissimus dorsi

36
Q

What are the deep extrinsic shoulder muscles?

A

Levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor

37
Q

What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles?

A

Deltoid, rotator cuff and teres major

38
Q

What are the differences between the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?

A

Extrinsic: originate from the torso and attach to the shoulders e.g. clavicle, scapula or humerus
Extrinsic: originate from the scapula/clavicle and attach to the humerus

39
Q

What are the deltoid attachments?

A

Origin: acromion, scapular spine and lateral 3rd of clavicle
Inserts: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

40
Q

What innervates the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve (C5/6)

41
Q

`Deltoid Test?

A

Arm extended at trunk, ask to extend from 15-90 degrees

42
Q

What are the teres major attachments?

A

origin: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Insert: medial lip of intertubecular groove of humerus

43
Q

What are the rotator cuff msucles?

A

Teres minor, subscapularis, infraspinatus and suprspinatis

44
Q

Subscapularis attachments:

A

Origin: Only one anterior at subscapular fossa
Insert: lesser tubercle of humerus

45
Q

Subscapularis innervation?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerve

46
Q

Subscapularis function?

A

Medially rotate arm (internal rotation)

47
Q

Supraspinatus attachments?

A

Origin: suprasinous fossa of scapula
Insert: greater of tubercle of humerus

48
Q

Supraspinatus innervation?

A

Suprascapular nerve

49
Q

Supraspinatus function?

A

abductor of humerus to 15 degrees

50
Q

Infraspinatus attachments?

A

Origin: infrapsinous fossa of scapula
Insert: greater tubercle of humerus

51
Q

infraspinatus innervation?

A

Suprascapular nerve

52
Q

Infraspinatus function?

A

Laterally rotate the arm (external rotation)

53
Q

Teres minor attachments?

A

Origin: lateral border of scapula (superior to major)
Insert: greater tubercle of humerus

54
Q

teres minor innervation?

A

Axillary nerve (C5/6)

55
Q

Teres minor function?

A

Laterally rotate the arm (external rotation)

OSPE 2020 (6 decks)

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