Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OSPE 2020 > HNS > Flashcards

HNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pterion?

A

where the frontal, parietal, zygomatic and sphenoid bones meet. The middle meningeal artery lies behind this so trauma can cause haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What goes through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid?

A

Olfactory nerve fibres (CN1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What goes through the optic canal?

A

The Opthalmic nerve (CN2) and opthalmic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

WHat goes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN3), trochlear nerve (CN4), opthamic branch of trigeminal nerve (CN5div1), abducens nerve (CN6) and superior opthamic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

WHat goes through the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CN5div2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What goes through the foramen ovale?

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN5div3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What goes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery and vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

WHat goes through the foramen lacerum (sphenopetrousal fissure)?

A

Internal carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What goes through the carotid canal (internal aperture)?

A

Internal carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What goes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial nerve (CN7) entry, Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN8), labrythine artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What goes though the Jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN9), Vagus Nerve (CN10), Accessory Nerve (CN11), sigmoid sinus -> internal jugular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WHat goes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What goes through the foramen magnum

A

Spinal roots of accessory nerve, medulla of brain, vertebral arteries:anterior/posterior spinal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve and test?

A

opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular. Cotton bud test with eyes closed on each region on either side. ‘Did that feel the same on both sides?’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you assess motor function of the Trigeminal nerve?

A

Ask patient to bite down whilst holding the masseter muscle over termpor-mandibular joint and temporalis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the motor branches of the facial nerve?

A

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Temporal facial nerve test?

A

Open eyes wide and crease the forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Zygomatic facial nerve test?

A

Close eyes shut and squeeze. Examiner try to open them/show resistance (obicularis oculi muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Buccal facial nerve test?

A

Smile/reveal the teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mandibular facial nerve test?

A

Puff out cheeks ( obicularis oris muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cervical facial nerve test?

A

Grimace, sag face (platysma muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do you test the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Inform patient that this will be uncomfortable. use a tongue depressor to touch the back of the throat to generate a gag reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do you test motor function of the vagus nerve?

A

Ask patient to push down their tongue and say ‘ahh’ exposing the uvula. Look for deviations as uvula will deviate away from lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do you test hypoglossal nerve?

A

Ask patient to protract their tongue; look for deviations , these will be towards the lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the 6 extraoculars?

A

Superior/inferior obliques. Medial, lateral, superior and inferior rectus

26
Q

WHat innervates these extraocular muscles?

A

Superior oblique = trochlear nerve
Lateral rectus = abducens nerve
The rest = ocuolomotor nerve

27
Q

What is superior oblique function?

A

Sepression, abduction and medial rotation

28
Q

WHat is inferior oblique function?

A

Elevation, adduction and lateral rotation

29
Q

Wha is medial rectus formation?

A

adduction

30
Q

What is lateral rectus function?

A

Abduction

31
Q

What is Superior rectus function?

A

Elavation, adduction and medial rotation

32
Q

What is inferior rectus function?

A

Depression, abduction and lateral rotation

33
Q

What is the ipsilteral response?

A

ANy reflex observed on the same side of the body i.e. shine a light on left causes left pupil contraction

34
Q

WHat is the consensual response?

A

Reflex observed on one side of the body when the other has been stimulated

35
Q

Why does the consenual reflex occur?

A

Afferent infromation converges at the pretectal nucleu so it activate both parasympathetic nerves of the left and right eye

36
Q

Where is the lesion in resposne to right eye but no consensual left pupil response?

A

parasympathetic nerve of left eye

37
Q

Describe afferent pathway for pupil constriction?

A

1) ganglion cells in eye
2) optic nerve (nasal + teproal fibres leave eye and nasal cross at optic chiasm)
3) optic tracts
4) pretectal nucleus
5) Edinger-westphal nucleus

38
Q

Describe the efferent pathway for pupillary constriction?

A

1) EW nucleus
2) nparasympathetic fibres along oculomotor nerve
3) ciliary ganglion
4) Parasympathetic fibres along ciliary nerves in CNV1
5) spincter pupillae = constriction

39
Q

What coordinates the lens thickening/pupil constriction/eyes converging?

A

in accomodation reflex, the supraoculomotor area (SOA) in rostral midbrain

40
Q

Describe afferent and efferent arms of the corneal reflex?

A

1) sensory stimuli ti cornea e.g. touch = sensory effetcs via opthamic division of trigeminal
2) afferents reach the trgeminal sensory nucleus
3) sensory afferents synapse with spinal trgeminal interneurons
4) these project to facial motor nucleus
5) fibres of facial nerve innervate circular orbicularis oculi muscles to close eye

41
Q

Which teeth in each quadrant?

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 pre-molars, 3 molars

42
Q

What is a cricothyrodetomy?

A

Transverse incision between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages in the cricothyroid membrane

43
Q

What is a tracheostomy?

A

transverse incision between the cartilage rings of the trachea (usually 2/3). palpble between the cricoid cartilage. thryoid isthmus can be divided for better access

44
Q

Describe the central line insertion?

A

Into the IJV than runs lateraly to internal carotid.
Triangle used is medial heaf of SCM, medial 1/3 of clavicle, lateral clavcular head of SCM. Apex of triangle used for access. 30 degree needle insertion. directed towards the ipsilateral nipple

45
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A

Medial: midline of neck
Superior: inferior border of mandible
Lateral: medial border of SCM

46
Q

What are the boundaries of posterior triangle?

A

Medial: lateral border of SCM
Inferiorly: Middle 1/3 of clavicle
Laterally: anteior border of trapezius

47
Q

What are the contents of the anterior triangle?

A

hyoid bone, Common carotid, internal jugular vein, suprahyoid muscles, infrahyoid muscles

48
Q

WHat are the suprhyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid, digastric, stylohyoid and geniohyoid

49
Q

WHat are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

TOSS

Thyrohyoid, omahyoid, sternthyroid and sternohyoid

50
Q

What are the contents of the posterior triangle?

A

External jugular vein, subclavian vein, subclavian artery, trunks of brachial plexus, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve and spinal accessory nerve

51
Q

What is the route of the IJV?

A

Runs latersl to common carotid artery and parallel

52
Q

What is the route of teh EJV?

A

From angle of mandible to middle of clavicle

53
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal sinus, ethmoid air cells, maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus

54
Q

WHat are the other air cells?

A

Mastoid air cells in mastoid process

55
Q

How do you find L4?

A

Line that joins the superior aspect of iliac crests (supracristal plane)

56
Q

Describe range of motion in flexion/extension?

A

C1-7: large
Upper T1-T7: none
Lower T7-12: very limited
Lumbosacral L1-S4: large

57
Q

Describe range of motion in lateral flexion?

A

C1-7: large
Upper T1-T7: limited
Lower T7-12: large
Lumbosacral L1-S4: limted

58
Q

Describe range of motion in rotation?

A

C1-7: large
Upper T1-T7: limited
Lower T7-12 :large
Lumbosacral L1-S4: none

59
Q

What are the featres if the atlanto-occopital joint?

A

Yes joint with connection between superior articular processes of atlas and occipital condoyles

60
Q

WHat are the features of the antlanto-axial joint?

A

NO joint as dens of acis (dentoid process) with articulation of anterior arch f atlas. Lateral rotation of the head

OSPE 2020 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions