Arm (limbs) Flashcards
What are the anterior compartment arm muscles?
biceps brachii, coracobrachialis and brachialis
What is the innervation of the anterior compartment muscles?
Msuculoskeletal nerve (C5/6) and brachial artery
Biceps brachii attachments?
Origin: SH is coracoid process f scapula, lh is supraglenoid tubercle
Insert: through intertubecular groove to radial tuberosiry
Biceps brachii function and test?
superficial flexor, main supinator.
Boxer pose, resist extension whilst stabilising the elbow
What are the brachialis attachments?
Origin: middle of humeral shaft
Insert: ulnar tuberosity
Brachialis function?
Main flexor of forearm
Coracobrachialis attachments?
Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insert: middle of medial aspect of humerus
Coracobrachilis function?
Assists in flexion and adduction
Triceps attachments?
Origin LH: infraglenoid tubercle
Origin Medial Head: inferior to radial groove on posterior humerus
origin lateral head: superior to radial groove on posterior humerus
Insert: olecranon of ulna
Triceps innervation?
Radial nerve C6/7
Triceps test?
Subject sitting/standing. arm abduct 5-10 degrees. elbow at 90 degrees, extend forearm against resistance.. Boxer pose, resist pushing in
Forearm superficial muscles anterior?
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmar longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
Pronator teres attachments?
Origin: medial epicondoyle of humerus + coronoid process of ulna
Insert: pronator tuberosity on lateral aspect of radius
Pronator teres function?
pronate radius about ulna
Flexor carpi radialis attachments?
Origin: common flexor tendon of medial epicondoyle
InsertL base of 2/3rdmetacarpal
Flexor Carpi radialis function?
Flexion/abductionof wrist
Palmar Longus attachments?
Origin: common flexor tendon of medial epicondoyle
Insert: flexor reticulanum + palmar aponeurosis
Function of Palmar longus?
Flexion of wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris attachments?
Origin: common flexor tendon on median epicondoyle
Insert: Pisifrom, hamate, 5th netacarpal base
Flexor carpi ulnaris function?
Flexion + ulnar deviation of wrist
Superficial forearm muscle innervation?
All median nerve except FCU which is ulnar nerve
Pronation/Supination Test?
Patient lying down with arm at 90 degrees. Hold elbow and wrist while asking to supinate/pronate. Elbow straight to test pronator teres
How can you test the superficial wrist flexors?
Hands out in front, palms up, flex wrists to the ceiling
WHat are the deep digital felxors of the forearm?
, flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus
How do you test FDP?
Only one to felx DIP joints so hold the rest of the fingers down and ask patient to move just the tip of the finger
FDS test?
one finger flexed at the PIP while others are held down to inactivate the FDP
FPL?
flexes the thumb at MCP and IP. Bend the tip of your thumb whilst stabilising MCP against resistance
What are the FDS attachments and innervation?
Origin: common flexor tendon + radius
Insert: 4 intermediate phalanges, tendons at the wrist
Median nerve
What are the FPL attachment and innervation?
Origin: Shaft of radius + surrounding interosseus membrane
Insert: base of thumb
Median nerve
FDP attachment and innervation?
Origin: Ulna and interosseus membrane
Insert: Distal phalanges of last 4 digits
Insert: Ulnar and Median nerve
`Pronator quadratus attachment and innervation?
Origin: shaft of radius and interosseus membrane
Insert: base of thumb
Median nerve
What are the superficial posterior forearm muscles?
Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris and aconeus
Deep posterior forearm muscles?
Supinaor, abducotr pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus and extensor indices
Aconeus features?
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Inster: olecranon + posterior surface of ulna
Radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis test/
Make fist and bring backwards against resistance
Extensor digitorum test?
affects the medial 4 fingers at MCP + IP. extend 4 fingers against resistance
Extensor digiti minimi test?
Extends little finger against resistance
Extensor carpi ulnaris test?
Wrist extension + adduction against resistance
Abductor pollicis longus test?
abducts the thumb. Move thumb upwards against resistance
Extensor pollicis brevis test?
Extend at MCP joint + carpometacarpal. Extend thumb holding MCP againstr esistance
Extensor pollicis longus test?
Extend thumb while holding IP against resistance
Extensor indices proprius test?
Extend index finger against resistance
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?
Interossei, lumbricals, thenar, hypothenar and adductor pollicis
What are the thenar muscles and its test?
opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis. Touch thumb to little finger. Median nerve innervation - also lumbricals 2/3
Hypothenar muscles and test?
opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis. Move thumb to finger, then resist against spread. Hold the rest and move the little finger away. Ulnar nerve + lumbricals
Interosseus Dorsal + palmar test?
Dorsal - spread fingers out (DAB)
Palmar - bring fingers back (PAD)
Ulnar nerve