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FM1010 Anatomy > Shoulder region and Arm > Flashcards

Shoulder region and Arm Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball and socket, synovial joint

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2
Q

How is the glenoid cavity deepened?

A

Glenoid labrum

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3
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

Rim of fibrocartilage attached to margins of glenoid fossa

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4
Q

Where are the openings in the capsule located?

A

Between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus and the long tendon of biceps brachii
Anteriorly to allow for communication between synovial cavity and subscapular bursa

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5
Q

What ligaments strength the capsule of the shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumeral ligaments
Transverse humeral ligament
Coracohumeral ligament

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6
Q

What bursa does not communicate with the joint cavity of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Subacromial bursa - between acromion and deltoid and supraspinatus tendon

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7
Q

What is the function of the subdeltoid bursa?

A

Allows friction-free movement of the supraspinatus tendon under the acromion and of the deltoid

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8
Q

When can inflammation of the subacromial bursa occur?

A

Patients who have injured the shoulder or supraspinatus tendon

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9
Q

What provides stability to the glenohumeral joint?

A

Rotator cuff muscles
Coraco-acromial arch - coracoid process, acromion and coraco-acromial ligament

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10
Q

What is rotator cuff syndrome?

A

Usually supraspinatus involved
Repetitive injury may occur in sports and can result in inflammation of supraspinous tendon and subacromial bursa
Abduction is painful

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11
Q

What accompanies the axillary nerve as it leaves the axilla?

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

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12
Q

Where does the axillary nerve pass through?

A

Quadrangular space

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13
Q

When can the axillary nerve be damaged?

A

Inferior dislocation of head of humerus or fracture of surgical neck of humerus

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14
Q

If the axillary nerve is damaged, where would there be a sensory deficit?

A

Badge area of skin over deltoid

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15
Q

What is quadrangular space syndrome?

A

Enlargement of muscles forming the quadrangular space compresses the axillary nerve
Results in weakness of teres minor and deltoid

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16
Q

List the boundaries of the cubital fossa.

A

Superior - Imaginary line connecting epicondyles
Lateral - brachioradialis
Medial - pronator teres
Floor - brachialis and supinator
Roof - deep fascia, biciptal aponeurosis, subcutaneous tissue, skin

17
Q

What does the bicipital aponeurosis separate?

A

The median cubital vein from the median nerve and the brachial artery

18
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

If pressure builds up in a compartment there is compression which causes ischaemia and damages muscles

19
Q

How do we manage acute compartment syndrome?

A

Immediate surgery to cut the deep fascia, relieving pressure within the compartment

20
Q

What is the reflex of the bicep tendon testing?

A

C6

21
Q

What is the reflex of the triceps tendon testing?

A

C7

22
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve continue as after emerging on the lateral aspect of the biceps tendon?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

23
Q

Where is the ulnar nerve liable to compression injury?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

24
Q

Where does the radial nerve lie in the arm?

A

Spiral groove

25
Q

Where is the radial nerve liable to injury in the arm?

A

Fractures of the shaft of the humerus as it passes along the spiral groove

26
Q

What is the sensory branch of the radial nerve called?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm

27
Q

What accompanies the radial nerve in the spiral groove?

A

Profunda brachii artery

28
Q

When does the brachial artery divide?

A

Apex of cubital fossa

29
Q

What demographic is more liable to a supracondylar fracture of the humerus

A

Children

30
Q

What can happen to the forearm muscles in a supracondylar fracture?

A

Ischaemia - ischaemic contracture

31
Q

What is ischaemic contracture?

A

Uncontrolled flexion of the hand

32
Q

Where does the dorsal venous arch drain to?

A

Cephalic vein
Basilic vein

33
Q

Where does the cephalic vein enter?

A

Deltopectoral groove

34
Q

Where can the cephalic vein be used for venous access?

A

Just proximal to the wrist

35
Q

What forms the axillary vein?

A

Basilic vein and brachial vein

FM1010 Anatomy (6 decks)

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