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Muscluloskeletal Systems > Shoulder Injuries > Flashcards

Shoulder Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is the medical term for frozen shoulder?

A

Adhesive capsulitis

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2
Q

How common are the different types of shoulder dislocation?

of all the shoulder dislocations what are the percentage of each type

A

Anterior 90%
Posterior 9%
Inferior 1%

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3
Q

What percentage of all dislocations are shoulder joint?

A

45% of all dislocations

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4
Q

What is a bankart tear?

A

A Bankart lesion is an injury of the anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum of the shoulder due to anterior shoulder dislocation. When this happens, a pocket at the front of the glenoid forms that allows the humeral head to dislocate into it. It is an indication for surgery and often accompanied by a Hill-Sachs lesion, damage to the posterior humeral head

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5
Q

What is a Hill-Sach’s lesion/ tear?

A

A Hill–Sachs lesion, or Hill–Sachs fracture, is a cortical depression in the posterolateral head of the humerus. It results from forceful impaction of the humeral head against the anteroinferior glenoid rim when the shoulder is dislocated anteriorly.

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6
Q

Give 3 causes of posterior dislocation

3 occasions where a posterior shoulder dislication could occur

A
  • Seizure
  • Electrocution
  • Direct blow to front of shoulder (Boxing)
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7
Q

What will a person not be able to do in posterior dislocation?

A

Externally rotate arm

-Check passive external rotation for this

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8
Q

What sign on x-ray does a posterior dislocation of the shoulder give?

A

Light bulb sign
-When the humerus dislocates it also internally rotates such that the head contour projects like a lightbulb when viewed from the front.

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9
Q

What is the treatment for a shoulder dislocation?

A

ANALGESIA

Manipulation
Immobilisation
Physiotheraoy
Surgery -> if young to prevent recurrence

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10
Q

1 in 20 fractures involve which bone?

A

Clavicle

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11
Q

What are the commonest place(s) on the clavicle to fracture?

give percentages

A

Middle 1/3
-most common (80%)

Lateral 1/3
(12-15%)

Medial 1/3
(5-6%)

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12
Q

How do you manage clavicle fracture?

A

Vast majority unite
Sling
Figure of 8 bandage?

Surgery possibly

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13
Q

When do you consider surgery in clavicle fracture?

A

Open fractures
Threatening the skin
Neurovascular complication
Polytrauma

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14
Q

What kind of fall will cause damage to acromioclavicular joint?

A

Fall onto the point of shoulder

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15
Q

How do you diagnose AC joint problems?

A

Clincal
Radiographs
Stress Radiographs

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16
Q

How are the grades of AC joint injury used to determine treatment?

A

Grade I-II
-Conservative

Grade III ?

Grade IV-VI Operative

17
Q

What are the two causes of rotator cuff tear?

A

Traumatic

Degenerative

18
Q

What is the treatment of acute rotator cuff tears?

A

Early surgery

19
Q

What is the treatment of chronic degenerative tears?

A

Surgery if symptomatic

20
Q

What is the definition of subacromial impingement

A

Subacromial (SA) impingement is defined as the mechanical compression of subacromial structures between the coraco-acromial arch and the humerus during active elevation of the arm above shoulder height.

Decreasing volume of subacromial space or increasing size of its contents

21
Q

What is the managemnet of subacromial impingement?

A

Subacromial steroid injection (reduce inflammation)

Physiotherapy

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression (if the first 2 fail)

22
Q

What are the causes of frozen shoulder?

A

Primary (90% idiopathic)

Secondary (previous trauma, diabetes)

23
Q

Describe the clinical features of frozen shoulder?

how does it progress over time? what is effected in a patients life?

A

Loss of movement and pain in a very characteristic pattern

Pain -> up to 6 months then subsides quite quickly

Stiffness starts and increases then decreases (thawing)

Active and passive effected

Sleep is horrendous and patient cannot do anything without thinking about shoulder. Miserable

24
Q

What will the radiograph be like in adhesive capsulitis?

A

Normal radiograph

25
Q

How do you treatment of the adhesive capsulitis?

A

Early presentation -> Inject steroid (I/A)

Later -> surgery (really stiff phase)

26
Q

Name 3 types of shoulder arthritis

A

Osteoarthritis (bread and butter)

Inflammatory arthritis

Post-traumatic arthritis (injury in younger years (young dislocators more likely to get arthritis because of recurrence)

27
Q

What are the common conditions of the elbow effecting the young, middle age and elderly?

A

Fractures and dislocations in young

Tendinopathies in middle age

Degenerative diseases in elderly

28
Q

What is a new treatment that is showing promise in tennis and golfers elbow?

A

Centrifuge blood and inject platelets to help repair

Muscluloskeletal Systems (29 decks)

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