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Functional Anatomy > Shoulder Girdle > Flashcards

Shoulder Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones involved in the shoulder girdle?

A

Sternum: manubrium, body, xyphoid

clavicle

scapula (17 or 19 muscular attachments, 3 angles, 3 borders)

humerus

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2
Q

What are the four joints at which motion happens? What type of movements?

A

Sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, scapulothoracic

interdependent movements

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3
Q

What are the motions at the scapulothoracic joint? How many DOF?

A

3 DOF

Of scapula: retraction/protraction, elevation/depression, upward/downward rotation of inferior angle

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4
Q

What are the motions at the glenohumeral joint? How many DOF?

A

3 DOF

abd/add
flex/ext
IR/ER

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5
Q

Describe the sternoclavicular joint.

What two bones are involved?
How many axes?
What kind of joint is it?
What is the CPP? LPP?

A

Sternum and clavicle
Triaxial
Synovial, saddle
CPP: full elevation
OPP: arm at side

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6
Q

When is clavicle convex? When is it concave?

A

Convex with superior/inferior
Concave anterior/posterior

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7
Q

Describe SC elevation.

Is clavicle concave or convex?
What plane? Axis?
Rolls? Glides?
Maximum degree of movement?

A

Clavicle is convex
Rotation in frontal plane around sagittal axis
Convex end of clavicle rolls superior and glides inferior on sternum
45 degrees max.

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8
Q

Describe SC depression.

Movement in what plane? Around which axis?
Rolls? Glides?
Maximum degree of movement?

A

Rotation in frontal plane around sagittal axis
Convex end of clavicle rolls inferior and glides superior on sternum
10 degrees max.

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9
Q

Describe SC protraction.

Is clavicle concave or convex?
Movement in which plane? Along which axis?
Rolls? Glides?
Maximum degree of movement?

A

Clavicle is concave
Parallel to horizontal plane around a vertical axis
Rolls and glides anterior on sternum
15-30 degrees of movement

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10
Q

Describe SC retraction.

Movement in which plane? Around which axis?
Rolls and glides?
Maximum degree of movement?

A

Parallel to horizontal plane around vertical axis
Concave clavicle rolls and glides posterior on sternum
15-30 degrees of movement

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11
Q

Describe SC rotation.

Which axis?
How does the clavicle rotate with arm elevation?
Degrees of movement?

A

Longitudinal axis
Superior clavicle rotates posteriorly and puts tension on coracoclavicular ligament
20-30 degrees

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12
Q

What are the stabilizing structures of the sc joint?

A

Articular disc
Capsule
Sternoclav. ligament
Interclav. ligament
Costoclav. ligament
Muscles

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13
Q

What do the anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligaments do?

A

Reinforce capsule
Limits A/P movements of clavicle (pro/retract)

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14
Q

Describe the interclavicular ligaments.

Where do they cross?
Where do they attach?
What do they do?

A

Superior SC joint
Attach to medial end of clavicle
Provide superior joint stability, controls depression

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15
Q

Where do the costoclavicular ligaments attach and what do they do?

A

Attach to first rib to inferior surface of clavicle
Controls elevation of clavicle on first rib

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16
Q

What is the articular disc? What does it do?

A

Fibrocartilage that divides joint into M/L cavities
Shock absorber, inc. joint congruency, stability

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17
Q

What are the muscles of SC joint?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid

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18
Q

Describe the acromioclavicular joint.

What two bones are involved?
What kind of joint? DOF?
CPP? LPP?

A

Acromion and clavicular
Synovial plane joint with 3 DOF
CPP: 90 degrees ABD
LPP: arm at side

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19
Q

What is moving at the AC joint?

A

Scapula moving on clavicle

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20
Q

Describe AC upward rotation.

A

Acromion moves up and out, upward rotation of scapula up to 30 degrees

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21
Q

Describe AC downward rotation.

Which plane and axis?
Where does the arm move?

A

Frontal plane, sagittal axis
Elevated arm down to rest (180-90), acromion moves down and in

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22
Q

Describe AC IR/ER.

Which plane and axis? Where does scap move?

A

Transverse plane, vertical axis
Medial border of scap closer or further from thorax

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23
Q

Describe AC sagittal plane movement - a/p tilting

Which axis? Where does scap move?

A

Frontal axis
Inferior angle of scap moves closer or farther from thorax

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24
Q

What are the typical AC roll and glide?

A

Same direction

Unpredictable

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25
Q

What do the superior/inferior AC ligaments do and what do they attach?

A

Reinforce joint capsule
Attach acromion and clavicle

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26
Q

Describe the coracoclavicular ligament.

What two bones are involved?
What are the parts?
What is the role?
When dislocated, where does the clavicle go?

A

Clavicle to coracoid process of scapula
Trapezoid (lateral), conoid (medial)
CONTROL VERTICAL JOINT STABILITY, upward rotation, medial displacement of clavicle, create longitudinal rotation of clavicle
Elevated clavicle

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27
Q

What are the muscles for the AC joints?

A

Upper trapezius, deltoid

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28
Q

Describe the scapulothoracic joint.

What kind of joint is it?
Where is it?

A

Not a true joint, not a bone to bone union
Between T2-T7 and is about 6 cm from spine

29
Q

Describe ST joint elevation.

Where does the scap move?
Prime movers?

A

Glide superiorly

upper trapezius, levator scapula, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

30
Q

Describe ST joint depression.

Where does the scap move?
Prime movers?

A

Glide inferiorly

Subclavius, pec minor, low pec major, low trap, low serratus anterior, low lat dorsi

31
Q

Describe ST joint retraction.

Where does the scap move?
Prime movers?

A

Glide medially on thorax

Rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, mid trap, upper lat dorsi

32
Q

Describe ST joint protraction.

Where does the scap move?
Prime movers?

A

Glide laterally on thorax

Pec major, pec minor, serratus anterior

33
Q

Describe ST joint upward rotation.

Where does the scap move?
Prime movers?

A

Inferior angle moves away from vertebral column
60 degrees of scap rotation available at ST joint

Upper trap, lower trap, serratus anterior

FORCE COUPLE

34
Q

Describe ST joint downward rotation.

Where does the scap move?
Prime movers?

A

Inferior angle closer to veterbral column

Levator scap, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, pec minor

also lat dorsi, low pec major

35
Q

What is the function of scapular movement at AC and SC joints?

A

Orient glenoid fossa for optimal contact with head of GH
Add range to arm elevation
Provide stable base for GH movement

36
Q

What are the stabilizing structures of ST joint?

A

ST stability comes from stability of SC and AC joints
All muscles with attachment to scapula or thorax

37
Q

What is the origin of Upper Trapezius?

A

occipital bone, cervical spinous processes via nuchal ligament

38
Q

What is the insertion of Upper Trapezius?

A

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, AC joint

39
Q

What is the action of Upper Trapezius?

A

Elevation, upward rotation, retraction of scapula

40
Q

What is the innervation of Upper Trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve, C3-4

41
Q

What is the origin of Middle Trapezius?

A

Spinous processes of T1-T5

42
Q

What is the insertion of Middle Trapezius?

A

Acromion and spine of scapula

43
Q

What is the action of Middle Trapezius?

A

retraction of scapula

44
Q

What is the innervation of Middle Trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve, C3-4

45
Q

What is the origin of Lower Trapezius?

A

spinous processes of T6-T12

46
Q

What is the insertion of Lower Trapezius?

A

root of spine of scapula

47
Q

What is the action of Lower Trapezius?

A

depression, retraction, upward rotation of scapula

48
Q

What is the innervation of Lower Trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve, C3-4

49
Q

What is the origin of Levator Scapula?

A

Transverse processes of C1-4

50
Q

What is the insertion of Levator Scapula?

A

Medial, superior border of scapula

51
Q

What is the innervation of Levator Scapula?

A

C3, C4

52
Q

What is the action of Levator Scapula?

A

Elevtaion and downward rotation of scapula

53
Q

What is the origin of Rhomboids?

A

Spinous processes of C7-T5

54
Q

What is the insertion of Rhomboids?

A

medial border of scapula

55
Q

What is the innervation of Rhomboids?

A

dorsal scapular nerve C4-5

56
Q

What is the action of Rhomboids?

A

retraction, elevation, downward rotation of scapula

57
Q

What is the origin of serratus anterior?

A

first 8 ribs

58
Q

What is the insertion of serratus anterior?

A

Medial border of scapula between superior border of inferior angle

59
Q

What is the innervation of serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic C5-7

60
Q

What is the action of serratus anterior?

A

Protraction, upward rotation, depression of scapular

61
Q

What is the origin of pec major?

A

clavicular - medial half of clavicle
sterno - sternocostal cartilage 1-6

62
Q

What is the insertion of pec major?

A

lateral lip of intertubercular groove

63
Q

What is the innervation of pec major?

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerve, C5-T1

64
Q

What is the action of pec major?

A

C - GH flexion rest to 60 degrees
ADD
IR

S - GH extension 180-90
Horizontal ADD
Scapular depression
Scapular protraction

65
Q

What is the origin of pec minor?

A

ribs 3-5

66
Q

What is the insertion of pec minor?

A

Coracoid process

67
Q

What is the action of pec minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

68
Q

What is the innervation of pec minor?

A

Scapular depression, protraction, downward rotation

Functional Anatomy (3 decks)

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