Shoulder Girdle Flashcards by Erika Camire

What are the bones involved in the shoulder girdle?

Sternum: manubrium, body, xyphoid

clavicle

scapula (17 or 19 muscular attachments, 3 angles, 3 borders)

humerus

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What are the four joints at which motion happens? What type of movements?

Sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, scapulothoracic

interdependent movements

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What are the motions at the scapulothoracic joint? How many DOF?

3 DOF

Of scapula: retraction/protraction, elevation/depression, upward/downward rotation of inferior angle

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What are the motions at the glenohumeral joint? How many DOF?

3 DOF

abd/add
flex/ext
IR/ER

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Describe the sternoclavicular joint.

What two bones are involved?
How many axes?
What kind of joint is it?
What is the CPP? LPP?

Sternum and clavicle
Triaxial
Synovial, saddle
CPP: full elevation
OPP: arm at side

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When is clavicle convex? When is it concave?

Convex with superior/inferior
Concave anterior/posterior

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Describe SC elevation.

Is clavicle concave or convex?
What plane? Axis?
Rolls? Glides?
Maximum degree of movement?

Clavicle is convex
Rotation in frontal plane around sagittal axis
Convex end of clavicle rolls superior and glides inferior on sternum
45 degrees max.

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Describe SC depression.

Movement in what plane? Around which axis?
Rolls? Glides?
Maximum degree of movement?

Rotation in frontal plane around sagittal axis
Convex end of clavicle rolls inferior and glides superior on sternum
10 degrees max.

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Describe SC protraction.

Is clavicle concave or convex?
Movement in which plane? Along which axis?
Rolls? Glides?
Maximum degree of movement?

Clavicle is concave
Parallel to horizontal plane around a vertical axis
Rolls and glides anterior on sternum
15-30 degrees of movement

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Describe SC retraction.

Movement in which plane? Around which axis?
Rolls and glides?
Maximum degree of movement?

Parallel to horizontal plane around vertical axis
Concave clavicle rolls and glides posterior on sternum
15-30 degrees of movement

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Describe SC rotation.

Which axis?
How does the clavicle rotate with arm elevation?
Degrees of movement?

Longitudinal axis
Superior clavicle rotates posteriorly and puts tension on coracoclavicular ligament
20-30 degrees

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What are the stabilizing structures of the sc joint?

Articular disc
Capsule
Sternoclav. ligament
Interclav. ligament
Costoclav. ligament
Muscles

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What do the anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligaments do?

Reinforce capsule
Limits A/P movements of clavicle (pro/retract)

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Describe the interclavicular ligaments.

Where do they cross?
Where do they attach?
What do they do?

Superior SC joint
Attach to medial end of clavicle
Provide superior joint stability, controls depression

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Where do the costoclavicular ligaments attach and what do they do?

Attach to first rib to inferior surface of clavicle
Controls elevation of clavicle on first rib

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What is the articular disc? What does it do?

Fibrocartilage that divides joint into M/L cavities
Shock absorber, inc. joint congruency, stability

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What are the muscles of SC joint?

Sternocleidomastoid
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid

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Describe the acromioclavicular joint.

What two bones are involved?
What kind of joint? DOF?
CPP? LPP?

Acromion and clavicular
Synovial plane joint with 3 DOF
CPP: 90 degrees ABD
LPP: arm at side

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What is moving at the AC joint?

Scapula moving on clavicle

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Describe AC upward rotation.

Acromion moves up and out, upward rotation of scapula up to 30 degrees

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Describe AC downward rotation.

Which plane and axis?
Where does the arm move?

Frontal plane, sagittal axis
Elevated arm down to rest (180-90), acromion moves down and in

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Describe AC IR/ER.

Which plane and axis? Where does scap move?

Transverse plane, vertical axis
Medial border of scap closer or further from thorax

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Describe AC sagittal plane movement - a/p tilting

Which axis? Where does scap move?

Frontal axis
Inferior angle of scap moves closer or farther from thorax

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What are the typical AC roll and glide?

Same direction

Unpredictable

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What do the superior/inferior AC ligaments do and what do they attach?

Reinforce joint capsule Attach acromion and clavicle

Describe the coracoclavicular ligament. What two bones are involved? What are the parts? What is the role? When dislocated, where does the clavicle go?

Clavicle to coracoid process of scapula Trapezoid (lateral), conoid (medial) CONTROL VERTICAL JOINT STABILITY, upward rotation, medial displacement of clavicle, create longitudinal rotation of clavicle Elevated clavicle

What are the muscles for the AC joints?

Upper trapezius, deltoid

Describe the scapulothoracic joint. What kind of joint is it? Where is it?

Not a true joint, not a bone to bone union Between T2-T7 and is about 6 cm from spine

Describe ST joint elevation. Where does the scap move? Prime movers?

Glide superiorly upper trapezius, levator scapula, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

Describe ST joint depression. Where does the scap move? Prime movers?

Glide inferiorly Subclavius, pec minor, low pec major, low trap, low serratus anterior, low lat dorsi

Describe ST joint retraction. Where does the scap move? Prime movers?

Glide medially on thorax Rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, mid trap, upper lat dorsi

Describe ST joint protraction. Where does the scap move? Prime movers?

Glide laterally on thorax Pec major, pec minor, serratus anterior

Describe ST joint upward rotation. Where does the scap move? Prime movers?

Inferior angle moves away from vertebral column 60 degrees of scap rotation available at ST joint Upper trap, lower trap, serratus anterior FORCE COUPLE

Describe ST joint downward rotation. Where does the scap move? Prime movers?

Inferior angle closer to veterbral column Levator scap, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, pec minor also lat dorsi, low pec major

What is the function of scapular movement at AC and SC joints?

Orient glenoid fossa for optimal contact with head of GH Add range to arm elevation Provide stable base for GH movement

What are the stabilizing structures of ST joint?

ST stability comes from stability of SC and AC joints All muscles with attachment to scapula or thorax

What is the origin of Upper Trapezius?

occipital bone, cervical spinous processes via nuchal ligament

What is the insertion of Upper Trapezius?

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, AC joint

What is the action of Upper Trapezius?

Elevation, upward rotation, retraction of scapula

What is the innervation of Upper Trapezius?

Accessory nerve, C3-4

What is the origin of Middle Trapezius?

Spinous processes of T1-T5

What is the insertion of Middle Trapezius?

Acromion and spine of scapula

What is the action of Middle Trapezius?

retraction of scapula

What is the innervation of Middle Trapezius?

Accessory nerve, C3-4

What is the origin of Lower Trapezius?

spinous processes of T6-T12

What is the insertion of Lower Trapezius?

root of spine of scapula

What is the action of Lower Trapezius?

depression, retraction, upward rotation of scapula

What is the innervation of Lower Trapezius?

Accessory nerve, C3-4

What is the origin of Levator Scapula?

Transverse processes of C1-4

What is the insertion of Levator Scapula?

Medial, superior border of scapula

What is the innervation of Levator Scapula?

C3, C4

What is the action of Levator Scapula?

Elevtaion and downward rotation of scapula

What is the origin of Rhomboids?

Spinous processes of C7-T5

What is the insertion of Rhomboids?

medial border of scapula

What is the innervation of Rhomboids?

dorsal scapular nerve C4-5

What is the action of Rhomboids?

retraction, elevation, downward rotation of scapula

What is the origin of serratus anterior?

first 8 ribs

What is the insertion of serratus anterior?

Medial border of scapula between superior border of inferior angle

What is the innervation of serratus anterior?

Long thoracic C5-7

What is the action of serratus anterior?

Protraction, upward rotation, depression of scapular

What is the origin of pec major?

clavicular - medial half of clavicle sterno - sternocostal cartilage 1-6

What is the insertion of pec major?

lateral lip of intertubercular groove

What is the innervation of pec major?

lateral and medial pectoral nerve, C5-T1

What is the action of pec major?

C - GH flexion rest to 60 degrees ADD IR S - GH extension 180-90 Horizontal ADD Scapular depression Scapular protraction

What is the origin of pec minor?

ribs 3-5

What is the insertion of pec minor?

Coracoid process

What is the action of pec minor?

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

What is the innervation of pec minor?

Scapular depression, protraction, downward rotation