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Functional Anatomy > GH Joint > Flashcards

GH Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the GH joint? How many DOF?

A

Synovial (diarthrosis), ball and socket, 3 DOF

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2
Q

How is the glenoid fossa positioned?

A

antero-laterally with slight upward rotation

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3
Q

How is the humeral head positioned?

A

Medial, posterior, superior

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4
Q

What is the closed packed position, the loose packed position, and the capsular pattern?

A

CPP: max ABD and ER
OPP: 55 ABD, 30 horiz. ADD, slight ER
CP: ER > ABD > IR

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5
Q

GH Flexion: what is allowed degree of movement and what muscles are being used?

A

120 degrees

Ant. Deltoid, Pec. Major (C) (0-60), coracobrachialis, long head of biceps

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6
Q

GH extension: what is allowed degree of movement and what muscles are being used?

A

65 degrees

Post. Delt., teres major, lat. dorsi, long head of triceps, pec major (S) (180-90)

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7
Q

GH abduction: what is allowed degree of movement and what muscles are being used?

A

120 degrees when in ER

Supraspinatus, lateral delt.

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8
Q

GH adduction: what is allowed degree of movement and what muscles are being used?

A

0 degrees pure add, 50-75 degrees in front of the body

Ant. delt., post. delt., lat. dorsi, pec. major, long head triceps, coracorachialis, teres major

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9
Q

GH ER: what is allowed degree of movement and what muscles are being used?

A

60-70 degrees pure ER, 90 degrees with shoulder abducted

Post. delt., teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus (past neutral)

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10
Q

GH IR: what is allowed degree of movement and what muscles are being used?

A

75-85 degrees pure

Ant. delt., pec. major, teres major, lat. dorsi, subscapularis

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11
Q

GH flexion: what is the roll and glide?

A

Anterior roll posterior glide

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12
Q

GH extension: what is the roll and glide?

A

Posterior roll, anterior glide

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13
Q

GH abduction: what is the roll and glide? What happens without the glide?

A

Superior roll, inferior glide

Without glide, impingement under acromial arch

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14
Q

GH adduction: what is the roll and glide?

A

Inferior roll, superior glide

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15
Q

GH ER: what is the roll and glide? What would happen without the glide?

A

Posterior roll, anterior glide

without glide, humerus would roll posteriorly out of socket

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16
Q

GH IR: what is the roll and glide?

A

HH anterior roll, posterior glide

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17
Q

What are the stabilizing structures for GH?

A

RTC
GH ligaments
Capsule
Coracohumeral ligament
Coracoacromial arch
Long head of biceps
Glenoid labrum
Negative infra-articular pressure
Compressive forces

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18
Q

What are the RTC muscles? What do they do?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapular

reinforcement capsule, most dynamic GH stability
Inferior directed force of HH

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19
Q

Describe the GH capsule. What is it lined with?

A

Loose, expandable up to 2x the size

Lined with synovium

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20
Q

When is the superior GH ligament taut, and what movements does it control?

A

Taut with arm at side or inferior and posterior translation of humerus

Controls IR, flexion, ABD

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21
Q

What does the middle GH ligament control and where is it most effective?

A

Controls ER and anterior glide

Most effective with 45-60 ABD

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22
Q

What are the parts of the inferior GH ligament? Describe them.

A

Anterior band: prevents anterior glide with arm ABD to 90 degrees, strongest and thickest

Posterior band: prevent posterior glide with arm ABD to 90 degrees

Axillary pouch: taut in ABD > 90 degrees

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the coracohumeral ligament?

A

Limit inferior displacement with arm at side, watch extreme ER with shoulder in ADD

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24
Q

What structures make up the coracoarcomial arch? What does it do? What structures run underneath it?

A

Coracoid, acromion, coracoacriomal ligament

Prevents superior humeral dislocation

Structures under: RTC tendon, long head biceps, subacromial bursa, subdeltoid bursa

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25
Q

What does the long head of the biceps do? What does it attach to?

A

Humeral head depression and limits excessive anterior glide

Attaches to labrum

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26
Q

What is the purpose of the glenoid labrum?

A

Deepen for increased stability

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27
Q

What happens if negative intra-articular pressure is lost? How does that happen?

A

Joint becomes less stable

Punctured, surgery, etc.

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28
Q

What is the purpose of GH joint compressive forces?

A

Holds the humeral head in glenoid fossa due to upward orientation of scapula

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29
Q

What is the scapular plane?

A

30-45 degrees toward sagittal plane from frontal plane

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30
Q

What is the abd degree rule?

A

For every 3 degrees of ABD, it is 2 degrees of GH and 1 degree of ST

EX: for 120 degrees of shoulder abd and 60 degrees upward rotation of scapula

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31
Q

What is the role of scapular movement?

A

Glenoid fossa optimal position muscles maintain good length-tension relationship, increases ROM

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32
Q

What is the force couple of scapular upward rotation?

A

Upper Trapezius, Lower Trapezius, Serratus Anterior

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33
Q

Describe specific movement of shoulder ABD < 90 degrees

A

60 degrees ABD

30 degrees Scap retract –> 20-25 degrees clavicular elevation at SC + 5-10 degrees of upward rotation at SC

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34
Q

Describe specific movement of shoulder ABD > 90 degrees

A

60 degrees ABD

30 degrees rotation at ST –> 5 degrees clavicular elevation at SC, 20-25 degrees upward rotation of acromion at AC, 40 degrees posterior clavicular rotation

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35
Q

What is the origin of anterior deltoid?

A

outer third of clavicle

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36
Q

What is the insertion of anterior deltoid?

A

deltoid tuberosity

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37
Q

What is the action of anterior deltoid?

A

ABD, shoulder flexion, IR, HADD

38
Q

What is the innervation of anterior deltoid?

A

Axillary n.

39
Q

What is the origin of middle deltoid?

A

Lateral acromion

40
Q

What is the insertion of middle deltoid?

A

deltoid tuberosity

41
Q

What is the action of middle deltoid?

A

ABD

42
Q

What is the innervation of middle deltoid?

A

axillary n.

43
Q

What is the origin of posterior deltoid?

A

spine of scapula

44
Q

What is the insertion of posterior deltoid?

A

Deltoid tuberosity

45
Q

What is the action of posterior deltoid?

A

ABD, ext., HABD, ER

46
Q

What is the innervation of posterior deltoid?

A

Axillary n

47
Q

What is the origin of pec major - clavicular?

A

medial third clavicle

48
Q

What is the insertion of pec major - clavicular?

A

Lateral lip of bicipital groove

49
Q

What is the action of pec major - clavicular?

A

Shoulder flex. 0-60 degrees

50
Q

What is the innervation of pec major - clavicular?

A

Lateral and medial pectoralis nerve (C5-T1)

51
Q

What is the origin of pec major - sternocostal?

A

Sternum, costal cartilage ribs 1-6

52
Q

What is the insertion of pec major - sternocostal?

A

Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus

53
Q

What is the action of pec major - sternocostal?

A

Ext 180-120

54
Q

What is the innervation of pec major - sternocostal?

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerve

55
Q

What is the origin of latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous processes of T7-L5

56
Q

What is the insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A

Medial floor of bicipital groove of humerus

57
Q

What is the action of latissimus dorsi?

A

ADD, IR, ext.

58
Q

What is the innervation of latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

59
Q

What is the origin of teres major?

A

Axillary border of scapula near inferior angle

60
Q

What is the insertion of teres major?

A

Crest below lesser tubercle inferior to lat. dorsi

61
Q

What is the action of teres major?

A

ADD, IR, ext

62
Q

What is the innervation of teres major?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

63
Q

What is the origin of supraspinatus?

A

supraspinatus fossa of scapula

64
Q

What is the insertion of supraspinatus?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

65
Q

What is the action of supraspinatus?

A

ABD, ER

66
Q

What is the innervation of supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular n.

67
Q

What is the origin of infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinous fossa

68
Q

What is the insertion of infraspinatus?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

69
Q

What is the action of infraspinatus?

A

ER, HABD

70
Q

What is the innervation of infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular n.

71
Q

What is the origin of teres minor?

A

Axillary border of scapular

72
Q

What is the insertion of teres minor?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

73
Q

What is the action of teres minor?

A

ER, HABD

74
Q

What is the innervation of teres minor?

A

Axillary n.

75
Q

What is the origin of subscapularis?

A

Subscapular fossa of scapula

76
Q

What is the insertion of subscapularis?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

77
Q

What is the action of subscapularis?

A

IR, ADD

78
Q

What is the innervation of subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subscapular n.

79
Q

What RTC muscles attach tp greater tubercle?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor `

80
Q

What is the origin of coracobrachialis?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

81
Q

What is the insertion of coracobrachialis?

A

Medial surface of humerus near middle

82
Q

What is the action of coracobrachialis?

A

flex at shoulder, maybe add???

83
Q

What is the origin of coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous n.

84
Q

What is the origin of biceps brachii?

A

Long head - supraglenoid tubercle
Short head - coracoid process

85
Q

What is the insertion of biceps brachii?

A

radial tuberosity of radius

86
Q

What is the action of biceps brachii?

A

Flex at shoulder

87
Q

What is the innervation of biceps brachii?

A

Musculocutaneous n.

88
Q

What is the origin of triceps brachii?

A

Long head - infraglenoid tubercle

89
Q

What is the insertion of triceps brachii?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

90
Q

What is the action of triceps brachii?

A

Extension at shoulder

91
Q

What is the innervation of triceps brachii?

A

Radial n.

Functional Anatomy (4 decks)

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