Shoulder Conditions

Question 1

Dislocations

Answer 1

Most common anterior inferior direction
Apprehension-relocation test
Happens with abducted shoulder and forceful ER

Question 2

Hill sachs lesion

Answer 2

Associated with dislocations
Compression fracture of posterior humeral head

Question 3

Other associated injuries with dislocations

Answer 3

Superior labrum, anterior to posterior tears (SLAP)
Bankart lesion — avulsion of anterior inferior capsule and glenoid labrum
Axillary nerve lesion — numbness and tingling in lateral delt and weak shoulder abd (deltoids)

Question 4

S/s for labral tears

Answer 4

Shoulder pain cannot be localized to a specific point
Pain is made worse by overhead activities or when arm is held behind back
Weakness
Instability
Pain on resisted elbow flexion (biceps involvement)
Tenderness on front of shoulder

Question 5

Gold standard for diagnosing labral tear

Answer 5

Arthroscopic surgery of shoulder

Clinical exam, special tests, MRI, palpation, arthrograms all good though

Question 6

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 6

Compression f neurovascular bundle in axila/chest

Common areas:
1. Superior thoracic outlet
2. Scalene triangle
3. Between clavicle and 1st rib
4. Between pec minor and T wall.

Question 7

Frozen shoulder/adhesive capsulitis

Answer 7

Fibrosis and inflammation of the shoulder capsule due to disuse following injury or repetitive microtrauma
45+ years old - mostly females
Capsular pattern: er >abd >ir
Sensory not affected
Not painful to palpation unless capsule is stretched

Question 8

Best intervention for frozen shoulder

Answer 8

1. Corticosteroid injection with shoulder mobility and stretching for 4-6 weeks helps pain relief and function compared to just exercise

Use validated shoulder outcome measures before and after