OTHER SYSTEMS

Question 1

What is HIV

Answer 1

Virus that weakens the immune system, trasmitted through body fluids like blood, semen, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.

Causes DECREASE in CD4+ helper T cells

Question 2

HIV stages

Answer 2

1 — acute infection - flu like symptoms for 2-4 weeks

2 — asymptomatic — lasts like 10+ years

3 — AIDS — really bad, opportunistic disease can take over because no immune response

Question 3

HIV meds

Answer 3

Antiretroviral therapies (ART) — need to take ASAP, not a cure just prolongs the asymptomatic stage 2 part

SE: rash, N+V, diarrhea, headache, dizzy, fatigue, pain

Question 4

PT FOR HIV

Answer 4

Not really different
Exercise is helpful for immune system and reduces stress and pain

Avoid exercise testing during acute infections

Avoid contact sports due to increased risk of bleeding

Question 5

EXERCISE FOR HIV

Answer 5

Mod exercise program to improve body comp and minimize health risks

Aerobic: 20 min, 3x/day working up to 45-60min/day, 3-4x/week

Resistance: moderate levels, weights that can be lifted 8-10x/day

Question 6

What precautions does MRSA require

Answer 6

Standard precautions and disinfection procedures should be strictly adhered to. VERY CONTAGIOUS

Question 7

What is anemia

Answer 7

Decrease in hemoglobin - causes a lot of issues

Question 8

S/S of anemia

Answer 8

Fatigue , weakness with min exertion
Dyspnea on exertion
Pallor/yellow skin
Tachycardia
Bleeding gums

Question 9

NORMAL HEMOBLOBIN VALUES

Answer 9

M: 13-18 g/dL
F: 12-16 g/dL

Question 10

PT THINGS for anemia patients

Answer 10

Pts will exhibit decrease exercise tolerance so it should be implemented graduallly and with doc approval
Close O2 sat monitoring and use RPE scale

Question 11

Exercise guidelines for hemoglobin values

Answer 11

Greater than 10 g/dL = regular exercise

< 8-10 g/dL = light exercise

<8 g/dL = NO EXERCISE

Question 12

Hypocoagulopathy disorders

Answer 12

Bleeding disorders because platelet deficits in bone marrow so blood don’t clot

Question 13

S/S bleeding disorders

Answer 13

Easy bruising with spontaneous petechiae, purpura, hematoma

Question 14

PT THINGS for bleeding disorders

Answer 14

Extreme caution with manual therapy and modalities

STRENUOUS EXERCISE IS CONTRAINDICATED bc of increased hemorrhage risk

Question 15

NORMAL PLATELET VALUES + exercise precautions 2/2 values

Answer 15

150,000-450,000 cells/mm3

50K-150K = some limitations
30K-50K = up to moderate exercise only
20K-30K = light exercise
<20K = ONLY ROM, ADLS, maybe walking if doc approves

Question 16

Hemophilia

Answer 16

Another bleeding disorder but different — genetic

Bleeding can be spontaneous intra and extra

Question 17

Complications from hemophilia

Answer 17

Joint contractures: hips, knees, elbow flex, PF
Muscle weakness
Leg length discrepancy
Postural scoliosis
Decreased aerobic fitness
Gait — equines and decreased knee extension torque
ADL deficiencies

Question 18

PT things

Answer 18

Pain free Active or AAROM preferred
Acute stage: RICE, posturing, prevent deformity
Subacute: isometrics and aquatics early on, pain management, contracture management, AAROM and exercises in OPEN CHAIN, functional and gait training

PROM AND STRETCHING IS CONTRAINDICATED BECUSE OF REISK OFY MYOSITIS OSIFICANS