Shoulder complex joints

Question 1

Which are the shoulder complex joints?

Answer 1

1. scapulothoracic joint
2. acromoioclavicular joint
3. sternoclavicular joint
4. glenohumeral joint

Question 2

The scapulothoracic joint is the joint between the

Answer 2

anterior part of the scapula and the superolateral surface of the thoracic wall

Question 3

What are the possible movements in the scapulothoracic joint?

Answer 3

• elevation
• depression
• protraction (abduction)
• retraction (adduction)
• downward rotation
• upward rotation

Question 4

The acromoioclavicular joint is a ______ type of joint and articulates between the _______ ____ of the _____ and the ________
Is it surrounded by a capsule fibrous capsule?

Answer 4

its a plane joint that articulates between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion.
It is.

Question 5

Which are the acromioclavicular joint ligaments

Answer 5

• acromioclavicular ligament (from clavicle to acromion)
• conoid ligament (from the coracoid process to the conoid tubercle of the clavicle)
• trapezoid ligament (from the coracoid process to the trapezoid line of the clavicle)
• • Coracoclavicular ligament are called collectively the conoid and trapezoid ligament

Question 6

Injury of the acromioclavicular joint why and what happens, 3 grades of injury?

Answer 6

Also called “separated shoulder”. Caused by a fall on the acromion/ sometimes clavicle; 3 grades:

1. partial ac ligament damage
2. rupture of ac ligament and partial tear of coracoclavicular ligament
3. rupture of both acromioclavicular and coracococlavicular ligaments

Question 7

The strenoclavicular joint is a ______ ______ type of joint and articulates between the _______ ____ of the _____ and the _____ ______ of the sternum and the costal ____ of the 1st ______.
There is a presence of an intra-articular disc and there is a joint capsule present.

Answer 7

Synovial saddle type of jt. Articulates between the sternal end of the clavicle and the clavicular notches of the sternum and costal cartilage of the 1st rib.

Question 8

Sternoclavicular joint functions to coordinate the upper body limb
Which are the sternoclavicular jt movements?

Answer 8

movements and allows to perform the full ROM

-elevation, depression, protraction and retraction, axial rotation

Question 9

Which are the sternoclavicular joint ligaments

Answer 9

• anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
• interclavicular ligament
• costoclavicular ligament

Question 10

Which are the functions of the sternoclavicular joint ligaments

Answer 10

• anterior and posterior sternoclavicular joint (strengthens the ant. and post. aspect of joint capsule)
• interclavicular ligament (connects the sternal end to both the clavicles, strengthens superiorly the capsule)
• costoclavicular joint (connects 1st rib to infero medial clavicle and prevents elevation and posterior translation of clavicle)

Question 11

What is the most common injury of the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 11

anterior dislocation of the clavicle

requires a large amount of force, posterior one can be dangerous due to nerves and vessels located in proximity

Question 12

The glenohumeral joint is the _____type of joint between the _____ _____ of the scapula and the head of the _______.

Answer 12

-synovial ball and socket joint

glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus

Question 13

Glenohumeral joint movements are the

Answer 13

• flexion
• extension
• adduction
• abduction
• internal rotation
• external rotation
• circumduction
• • horizontal adduction (bringing the arm (90deg) to the chest)
• *horizontal abduction (opposite elbow still 90 deg)

Question 14

Which are the glenohumeral joint ligaments?

Answer 14

• Superior glenohumeral ligament
• Middle glenohumeral ligament
• Inferior glenohumeral ligament
• Coracohumeral ligament
• coracoacromial ligament
• Transverse humeral ligament

Question 15

Superior GHL origin and insertion

Answer 15

Supraglenoid tubercle to lesser tubercle

Question 16

Middle GHL origin and insertion

Answer 16

Anterior glenoid margin to lesser tubercle

Question 17

Inferior GHL origin and insertion

Answer 17

Glenoid labrum to inferomedial humeral neck

Question 18

Which are the glenohumeral joint ligaments (more anteriorly)/ commonly damaged and stop the head of humerus to translate forward (anteriorly) cca 90%

Answer 18

• superior glenohumeral (ghl)
• middle glh
• inferior glh

Question 19

Coracohumeral ligament origin/insertion/function

Answer 19

Coracoid process to the greater tubercle;

limits inferior translation of humerus

Question 20

Coracoacromial ligament origin/insertion/function

Answer 20

Connects the coracoid process to the acromion and forms the coracoacromial arch which prevents superior translation of the humeral head

Question 21

Transverse humeral ligament function (impotant for the biceps brachii)

Answer 21

It spans the interubercular groove and holds the long head of the biceps brachii tendon in place

Question 22

Glenohumeral joint stability is provided by

Answer 22

Static constrains: 
-glenoid labrum
-joint capsule
-glenohumeral ligaments
Dynamic constrains:
-rotator cuff muscles
-scapular stabilizig muscles

Question 23

What is the glenoid labrum?

Answer 23

its an extra layer of tissue that helps deepened the glenoid cavity and gains stability to the joint. antero posterior part and the superio inferior part of the

Question 24

Which are the dynamic stabilisers muscles ; rotator cuff

Answer 24

• Supraspinatous
• Infraspinatus
• Subscapularis
• Teres minor

Question 25

What is a bursa?

Answer 25

A synovial fluid filled sac that acts as a cushion between tendons and other joint structures

Question 26

Which are the shoulders bursae?

Answer 26

• Subscapularis bursa (under the subscapularis tendon)
• Subcoracoid bursa (under the coracoid process)
• Subdeltoid bursa (under the deltoid muscle)
• Subacromial bursa - sits under the acromion and provides lubrication in that area to prevent the inflammation of the structures)