Shoulder Complex Anatomy

Question 1

What are the joints within the shoulder complex and what type of joints are they?

Answer 1

Glenohumeral joint (Ball and Socket)
Acromioclavicular joint (Plane Joint)
Sternoclavicular Joint (Saddle Joint)

Question 2

What is the reason of the scapula?

Answer 2

For the rotator cuff to hold onto it

Question 3

What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff? (SITS muscles)

Answer 3

Supraspinatis
Infraspinatus
Teres Minus
Subscapularis

Question 4

Where do the SIT part of the rotator cuff sit?

Answer 4

They sit on the greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 5

What is the observation of the bony points of the scapula?

Answer 5

Spine of the scapula is in line with T2 and T3
Inferior angle of scapular is in line with T6 and T7
Distance between the medial border is 5-6cm

Question 6

What is the problem if the distance from the spine to medial border is greater than 5-6cm?

Answer 6

You are protracted

Question 7

What is the problem if the distance from the spine to medial border is less than 5-6cm?

Answer 7

You are retracted

Question 8

What are the important bony points of the posterior shoulder

Answer 8

Posterior angle of the acromion
Spine of scapula
Medial border spine of scapula
Inferior angle of scapula

Question 9

What are the other bony points

Answer 9

Sternal notch
Xiphisternum
Caracoid Process
Acromion Arch
Greater and lesser tubercles of humerus

Question 10

Factors of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ)

Answer 10

Synovial SADDLE joint
Articular cavity separated by an articular disc

Question 11

Factors of the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ)

Answer 11

Synovial PLANE joint
Articular disc

Question 12

Factors of the glenohumeral joint

Answer 12

Humerus is ‘the ball’
Glenoid is ‘the socket’
Normal synovial joint features
Labrum to create negative pressure to ‘suck’ the humerus in and creates good stability within the shoulder

Question 13

What is the Labrum made of

Answer 13

The labrum is fibrocartilage

Question 14

What are the ligaments within the shoulder complex?

Answer 14

Coracoacromial ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament
Coracohumeral Ligament
Superior glenohumeral ligament
Middle glenohumeral ligament
Inferior glenohumeral ligament

Transverse Humeral Ligament

Question 15

Name the three Coraco ligaments, describe what they do and what they attach to?

Answer 15

Coracoacrominal
Coracoclavicular
Coracohumeral

These three come from the caracoid and connect with the bones above to help stabilise the scapula, clavicle and humerus.

Question 16

Name the three glenohumeral ligaments, describe what they do and what they attach to?

Answer 16

Superior glenohumeral
Middle glenohumeral
Inferior glenohumeral

These three are between the glenoid and humerus, these help to stabalise the anterior part of the shoulder.

Question 17

What are the key scapular movements?

Answer 17

Retraction/Protraction
Elevation/Depression
Upwards and downwards rotation

Question 18

What are the key scapular muscles?

Answer 18

Serratus Anterior
Trapezius

Rhomboids

Levator scapulae
Pectoralis Minor

Rotator cuff

Question 19

What do the serratus anterior and trapezius do?

Answer 19

Align the scapula with the rest of the body.

Question 20

What do the rhomboids do?

Answer 20

When they contract you get slight downward rotation of the scapula

Question 21

What does the levator scapulae and the pectoralis minor do?

Answer 21

Pulls the scapula down

Question 22

What does the rotator cuff do?

Answer 22

It is designed to create a gap when moving the head of the humerus within the glenoid and to keep the head of the humerus within the glenoid

Question 23

What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 23

To act against the forces which pull the humerus up towards the acromion.
To maintain a good position within the glenoid.

Question 24

What muscles attach onto the medial border of the scapula?

Answer 24

Serratus anterior
Rhomboids
Levator Scapulae

Question 25

What attaches onto the coracoid process

Answer 25

Coracoacrominal ligament
Coracohumeral ligament
Coracoclavical ligament
Transverse Ligament

Question 26

What attaches onto the greater tubercles of humerus?

Answer 26

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Parts of the rotator cuff

Question 27

What attaches onto the lesser tubercles of humerus?

Answer 27

Subscapularis

Question 28

What attaches onto the spine of scapula?

Answer 28

Trapezius
Deltoid

Question 29

What attaches onto the Acromion Arch?

Answer 29

Trapezius
Deltoid

Question 30

What movements can be completed at the shoulder?

Answer 30

Abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, medial and internal rotation.

Question 31

What muscles cause Adduction of the arm?

Answer 31

Short head of the bicep
Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus dorci

Question 32

What muscles cause Extension at the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 32

Tricep
Posterior deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

Question 32

What muscles cause abduction of the arm?

Answer 32

Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Tricep
Bicep
Teres Minor

Question 33

What muscles cause Medial Rotation?

Answer 33

Subscapularis
Teres Major
Short head of the bicep
Corocobrachiallis

Question 34

What muscles cause the arm to laterally rotate?

Answer 34

Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Supraspinatus

Question 35

What muscles causes flexion of the arm?

Answer 35

Pectoralis Major/Bicep brachii (long head)
Anterior deltoid

Question 36

What is the ROM at the shoulder for extension and flexion?

Answer 36

60 degrees extension
180 degrees flexion

Question 37

What is the ROM at the shoulder for medial and lateral rotation?

Answer 37

70-90 degrees medial
90 degrees lateral

Question 38

What is the ROM at the shoulder for abduction and adduction?

Answer 38

180 degrees abduction
30-50 degrees adduction