Shoulder Complex Anatomy Flashcards
What are the joints within the shoulder complex and what type of joints are they?
Glenohumeral joint (Ball and Socket)
Acromioclavicular joint (Plane Joint)
Sternoclavicular Joint (Saddle Joint)
What is the reason of the scapula?
For the rotator cuff to hold onto it
What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff? (SITS muscles)
Supraspinatis
Infraspinatus
Teres Minus
Subscapularis
Where do the SIT part of the rotator cuff sit?
They sit on the greater tubercle of the humerus
What is the observation of the bony points of the scapula?
Spine of the scapula is in line with T2 and T3
Inferior angle of scapular is in line with T6 and T7
Distance between the medial border is 5-6cm
What is the problem if the distance from the spine to medial border is greater than 5-6cm?
You are protracted
What is the problem if the distance from the spine to medial border is less than 5-6cm?
You are retracted
What are the important bony points of the posterior shoulder
Posterior angle of the acromion
Spine of scapula
Medial border spine of scapula
Inferior angle of scapula
What are the other bony points
Sternal notch
Xiphisternum
Caracoid Process
Acromion Arch
Greater and lesser tubercles of humerus
Factors of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ)
Synovial SADDLE joint
Articular cavity separated by an articular disc
Factors of the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ)
Synovial PLANE joint
Articular disc
Factors of the glenohumeral joint
Humerus is ‘the ball’
Glenoid is ‘the socket’
Normal synovial joint features
Labrum to create negative pressure to ‘suck’ the humerus in and creates good stability within the shoulder
What is the Labrum made of
The labrum is fibrocartilage
What are the ligaments within the shoulder complex?
Coracoacromial ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament
Coracohumeral Ligament
Superior glenohumeral ligament
Middle glenohumeral ligament
Inferior glenohumeral ligament
Transverse Humeral Ligament
Name the three Coraco ligaments, describe what they do and what they attach to?
Coracoacrominal
Coracoclavicular
Coracohumeral
These three come from the caracoid and connect with the bones above to help stabilise the scapula, clavicle and humerus.
Name the three glenohumeral ligaments, describe what they do and what they attach to?
Superior glenohumeral
Middle glenohumeral
Inferior glenohumeral
These three are between the glenoid and humerus, these help to stabalise the anterior part of the shoulder.
What are the key scapular movements?
Retraction/Protraction
Elevation/Depression
Upwards and downwards rotation
What are the key scapular muscles?
Serratus Anterior
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Levator scapulae
Pectoralis Minor
Rotator cuff
What do the serratus anterior and trapezius do?
Align the scapula with the rest of the body.
What do the rhomboids do?
When they contract you get slight downward rotation of the scapula
What does the levator scapulae and the pectoralis minor do?
Pulls the scapula down
What does the rotator cuff do?
It is designed to create a gap when moving the head of the humerus within the glenoid and to keep the head of the humerus within the glenoid
What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?
To act against the forces which pull the humerus up towards the acromion.
To maintain a good position within the glenoid.
What muscles attach onto the medial border of the scapula?
Serratus anterior
Rhomboids
Levator Scapulae
What attaches onto the coracoid process
Coracoacrominal ligament
Coracohumeral ligament
Coracoclavical ligament
Transverse Ligament
What attaches onto the greater tubercles of humerus?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Parts of the rotator cuff
What attaches onto the lesser tubercles of humerus?
Subscapularis
What attaches onto the spine of scapula?
Trapezius
Deltoid
What attaches onto the Acromion Arch?
Trapezius
Deltoid
What movements can be completed at the shoulder?
Abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, medial and internal rotation.
What muscles cause Adduction of the arm?
Short head of the bicep
Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus dorci
What muscles cause Extension at the glenohumeral joint?
Tricep
Posterior deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
What muscles cause abduction of the arm?
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Tricep
Bicep
Teres Minor
What muscles cause Medial Rotation?
Subscapularis
Teres Major
Short head of the bicep
Corocobrachiallis
What muscles cause the arm to laterally rotate?
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Supraspinatus
What muscles causes flexion of the arm?
Pectoralis Major/Bicep brachii (long head)
Anterior deltoid
What is the ROM at the shoulder for extension and flexion?
60 degrees extension
180 degrees flexion
What is the ROM at the shoulder for medial and lateral rotation?
70-90 degrees medial
90 degrees lateral
What is the ROM at the shoulder for abduction and adduction?
180 degrees abduction
30-50 degrees adduction
