Shoulder Complex Flashcards
Bones of the Shoulder Complex
Sternum
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Movements of the Shoulder Complex
Elevation and Depression
Protraction and Retraction
Rotation
Shoulder Joints which are true and which are false?
TRUE
Glenohumeral
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
FALSE
Scapulothoracic
The clavicle is:
- ___2⁄3 (sternal): convex anteriorly
- ___1⁄3 (acromial): concave anteriorly
- Medial 2⁄3 (sternal): convex anteriorly
- Lateral 1⁄3 (acromial): concave anteriorly
This connects the upper extremities to the axial skeleton (skull, sternum, spinal column, and ribs) at the ____ joint
Clavicle
at the sternoclavicular joint
This bone increases the glenohumeral (GH) mobility during
climbing or reaching (abduction)
Clavicle
This is the first and last bone to ossify in the entire body
Clavicle
T or F
The Medial surface of the clavicle is smooth, while the Lateral surface of the clavicle has some
FALSE
The superior surface of the clavicle is smooth, while the
inferior surface of the clavicle has some
The sternal end is attached to the _____ which is a
round end, while the acromial end is attached to the
____ of the scapula which is a flat end
The sternal end is attached to the sternum which is a
round end, while the acromial end is attached to the
acromion of the scapula which is a flat end
- A condition due to the congenital absence of the clavicle
- Due to the lack of muscle/ligament attachments, the strength is decreased by 50% in shoulder flexors, abductors, and adductors
CLEIDOCRANIAL DYSOSTOSIS
There are 3 borders and 3 angles of the scapula identify each
3 borders:
SUPERIOR BORDER,
MEDIAL/VERTEBRAL BORDER,
LATERAL/AXILLARY BORDER
3 angles:
- SUPERIOR ANGLE,
- INFERIOR ANGLE,
- LATERAL ANGLE
T or F
The Lateral angle is important for palpation as it’s a reference point when the scapula (upward/downward) rotates
FALSE
The inferior angle is important for palpation as it’s a
reference point when the scapula
(upward/downward) rotates
Which one is incorrect:
s. The superior angle is aligned with the T2
b. The spine of the scapula is aligned with T4
c. The inferior angle is aligned with T7
b. The spine of the scapula is aligned with T4
correct: The spine of the scapula is aligned with T3
The glenoid fossa should be facing anteriorly, at about what percent?
35%
T or F
The vertebral/medial border of the scapula should be 2-3 inches away from the vertebral column (spinous processes)
TRUE
Functions of scapula
Provides a place for muscles controlling the GH joint to venture from
- Provides a stable base from which the GH joint can function
Muscles attached to the scapula
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus
Subscapularis (attached to anterior scapula)
Teres minor and major (attached to the lateral border)
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor and major
(posterior) deltoids
Upper trapezius (attached to clavicle)
Supra & infraglenoid tubercle
This is the most lateral aspect of the scapula
GLENOID FOSSA/CAVITY
What is the convex and concave of the GH joint
Concave: Scapula - Glenoid Fossa
Convex: Humerus - Humeral head
It’s a shallow socket with two (2) tubercles: supraglenoid
and infraglenoid tubercles
GLENOID FOSSA/CAVITY
Orientation of the glenoid fossa
Superior, Anterior, Lateral
T or F
The congruency of the humeral head on the glenoid fossa is not at its best due to the cavity not being fully depressed for the head
TRUE
- This checks the point of orientation of the glenoid fossa as it faces the five (5) degrees anterior to the frontal plane
- It’s rotated on its transverse axis, approximately _____ so the glenoid fossa is tilted anteriorly to the frontal plane
- This position directs the glenoid anteriorly with respect to the body
SCAPULAR PLANE
30°-45°
It doesn’t occur along the sagittal nor frontal plane it’s in between,
SCAPULAR PLANE
This is a test to check/see the alignment of the scapula
LENNIE TEST
Orientation of the humerus
- Orientation: medial, posterior, superior
This is the longest and largest bone in the UE
Humerus
In the humerus:
The anatomical neck is ____to the head while the
surgical neck is ____to the head
The anatomical neck is proximal to the head while the
surgical neck is distal to the head
The ____ separates the head and greater tubercle
The anatomical neck separates the head and
greater tubercle
This is the space in between the greater and lesser tubercle
bicipital/intertubercular groove/sulcus
What maintains the long head of the biceps brachii in the Bicipital groove?
This is maintained by the transverse humeral ligament which covers the tendon horizontally,
and when broken, it’s painful since the long head of the biceps brachii will slide
These are the lines or “lips” of the bicipital groove
inferior to the greater and lesser tubercles
Bicipital ridges
T or F
Radial tuberosity Located at the lateral shaft
FALSE
Deltoid tuberosity
- Located at the lateral shaft
- Located near the deltoid tuberosity; usually superior
- This is where the ___ nerve passes through
Radial groove
- Radial nerve
T or F
The greater tubercle is more palpable than the lesser tubercle
TRUE
What movement/ position:
The greater tubercle is not palpable here as it will be covered by the deltoid muscle
INTERNAL ROTATION
In what position is the greater tubercle of the humerus be palpated slightly posterior and just inferior to the acromion process
EXTERNAL ROTATION
Which statement is incorrect?
A. The orientation of the Humerus deviates ~20° posterior to the frontal plane
B. The orientation of the Clavicle (scapular plane) deviates ~35° anterior to the frontal plane
BOTH’
A. The orientation of the clavicle deviates ~20° posterior to
the frontal plane
B. The orientation of the scapula (scapular plane) deviates
~35° anterior to the frontal plane
The humeral head faces ___° posteriorly from the frontal
plane
The humeral head faces 30° posteriorly from the frontal
plane
- Formed by the midline of the shaft and the midline of the humeral head
- This allows the head to be aligned with the scapular plane which is to be properly aligned with the shaft
ANGLE OF INCLINATION:
What degree is the angle of inclination
135 degrees
T or F
The size of the humeral head in comparison to the glenoid fossa of the scapula is not congruent
TRUE
Why is it common for the shoulder to be dislocated?
The size of the humeral head (bigger) in comparison to the glenoid fossa (small surface) of the scapula is not congruent
This is composed of mainly the humerus (head) and scapula (glenoid fossa)
SHOULDER (GLENOHUMERAL) JOINT
What are the movements of the GH joint
Movements:
flexion/extension/hyperextension,
abduction/adduction,
horizontal abduction/adduction,
rotation
Composition of the shoulder girdle
Composed of the scapula, clavicle, and sternum
Movements of the scapula
elevation,
depression,
protraction,
retraction, rotation
What are the bones of the:
STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) JOINT
GLENOHUMERAL (GH) JOINT
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR (AC) JOINT
STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) JOINT: (Sternum + Clavicle)
GLENOHUMERAL (GH) JOINT: (Scapula + Humerus)
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR (AC) JOINT (Scapula + Clavicle)
The sternoclavicular Joint is a connection between what specific landmarks?
The clavicular facet of the manubrium of the sternum
+
The sternal end of the clavicle
- The only joint that connects the upper extremities (UE) to the trunk
STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) JOINT
What type of joints are:
STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) JOINT
GLENOHUMERAL (GH) JOINT
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR (AC) JOINT
STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) JOINT: Synovial Double joint
GLENOHUMERAL (GH) JOINT: Ball and socket
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR (AC) JOINT:
Movements of the SC joint
Has 3 DOF
- Elevation/depression
- Protraction/retraction
- Posterior/anterior rotation
Ligament oF the SC joint
STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) LIGAMENT
INTERCLAVICULAR (IC) LIGAMENT
COSTOCLAVICULAR (CC) LIGAMENT
Ligament that:
Connects the clavicle and the rib
- This limits shoulder elevation
- This will be lax in shoulder depression
COSTOCLAVICULAR (CC) LIGAMENT
Ligament that:
Interconnection of the two clavicles
- Covers the area of the jugular/sternal notch
- This limits shoulder depression (since it will be taut)
- When the clavicles are shoulder elevated, the IC
ligament is lax and is loose; like a swing
INTERCLAVICULAR (IC) LIGAMENT
Ligament that:
- Connection of the clavicle to the sternum
- Has 2 fibers/bundles: anterior and posterior
STERNOCLAVICULAR (SC) LIGAMENT
OSTEOKINEMATICS OF THE SC JOINT
ELEVATION/DEPRESSION
PROTRACTION/RETRACTION
● AXIAL ROTATION
During the elevation/depression of the SC joint,
What end is fixed and what end moves?
The sternal end is fixed while the acromial end is the one that moves
During the Elevation and depression of the Sc joint,
What is the angle and movement of the bone
ELEVATION: 30-45°
- Upward, backward
- DEPRESSION: 5-10°
- Downward, forward
During protraction/ Retraction,
What end is fixed and what end is moving?
The acromial end is the one that moves as well
During Protraction/Retraction of the SC joint,
What is the angle and movement of the scapula bone
PROTRACTION: 15-20° - anterolaterally
RETRACTION: 30° - Posteriomedially
