Principles of Biomechanics Flashcards
It is the organization of information dealing with
motion or it is the study of movement
Kinesiology
is the science of the shape and structure of the
human body and its parts
Anatomy
is a discipline that uses principles of physics to
quantitatively study how forces interact within a living
body
Biomechanics
is the biological study of living organisms
Physiology
These are mostly used in sports and are
administered by sports PTs
➢ These tapes both promote and inhibit movement
(it depends on the condition of the athlete)
➢ There are points of attachment where you need
to put the tapes
Kinesio tapes
Meaning of OINA
Origin
Insertion
Nerve Supply
Action
T or F
Kinesio tapes are used to prevent motion
FALSE
Braces are used to prevent motion
T or F
In Kinesiology, we need to learn how to manipulate forces to prevent or lessen injuries and provide optimal performance
TRUE
These help immobilize the part of the body that
needs to be healed
Splints help immobilize the part of the body that
needs to be healed
T or F
We need to understand movements and the
forces that would act on the human body (this can
be used with conditioning
TRUE
is a branch of social science that deals with the
behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces
or displacement
Mechanics
2 Types of Mechanics and their definition
Static - the body is at rest or in uniform motion
Dynamic - the body would be moving
It is the science concerned with the internal and
external forces acting on the human body and the
effects produced by these forces
Biomechanics
T or F
Biomechanics go hand in hand with kinesiology
TRUE
Describing the forces acting upon the motion
Deals with the forces that
Kinetics
Science of the motion of bodies in space
- Allows us to describe the displacement/motion of a segment without regard to the forces
Kinematics
Kinematics can be described by: (5 items)
Type of motion,
- location,
- direction,
- magnitude,
- rate of change in displacement, or change in velocity
2 divisions of kinematics:
Osteokinematics
Arthrokinematics
Osteo or Artho?
lifting the shoulder up = movement of the scapula and
humerus
Osteokinematics
Osteo or Arthro?
Lifting the shoulder = movement of the glenoid fossa and the humeral head
Arthrokinematics
An area of physicists that consists of the motion
and the study of the effects of the forces in objects
Mechanics
What type of contraction is Concentric contraction
- shortening of the muscle length
What type of contraction is Eccentric contraction
lengthening of the muscle length
What type of contraction is Isometric contraction?
no change in the muscle length
T or F
TRANSLATORY MOTION aka Linear displacement
TRUE
linear motion in which all parts of the rigid body would move parallel and in the same direction as every other type of the body
TRANSLATORY MOTION
occurs along or parallel to an axis
distance = direction = velocity = time
TRANSLATORY MOTION
2 Types of Translatory Motion:
Rectilinear
Curvilinear
moving in a curved path but still moving from point A to B
Curvilinear
- movement in a more or less straight line from one location to another
Rectilinear
T or F
ROSARY MOTION aka Angular displacement
FALSE
ROTARY MOTION aka Angular displacement
Movement of a segment around a fixed axis in a
curved path
ROTARY MOTION
T or F
When Rotary motion is compared to curvilinear, the curvilinear motion does not have a pivot point while the
rotary motion has a pivot point
TRUE
What motion is being performed?
A ball that is thrown
A ball that is thrown = curvilinear
What motion is being performed?
Flexing the shoulder
Flexing the shoulder = angular (since there is an axis)
What motion is being performed?
The scapula moving up and down, laterally and medially
The scapula moving up and down, laterally and medially
Linear motion
What motion is being performed?
The clavicle or the collarbone moving up and down
The clavicle or the collarbone moving up and down
Angular (there is an attachment which is the sternum)
are caused by stimulated muscle, such as when
lifting a glass of water toward the mouth
Active movements
are caused by sources other than active muscle
contraction, such as a push from another person,
the pull of gravity, tension in stretched connective
tissues.
Passive movements
2 Reference Positions
Anatomical position
Fundamental position
above in relation to another structure; higher, cephalic
Superior (supra):
below in relation to another structure;
caudal
Inferior (infra):
beneath or below the surface; used to describe
relative depth or location of muscles or tissues
Deep:
Near the surface; used to describe
relative depth or location of muscles or tissue
Superficial:
pertaining or relating to the opposite side
Contralateral:
relating to the right and left sides of the body
or of a body structure such as the right and left
extremities
Bilateral (B)
on the same side
Ipsilateral:
situated away from the center or midline of the
body, or away from the point of origin
Distal:
nearest the trunk or point of origin
Proximal:
on or to the side; outside, farther from the
median or midsagittal plane
Lateral:
relating to the middle or center; nearer to the
medial or midsagittal plane
Medial:
below and to the outside
Inferolateral:
Inferomedial:
Superolateral:
Superomedial:
Inferomedial: below and toward the midline or inside
Superolateral: above and to the outside
Superomedial: above and toward the midline or inside
Prone:
Supine:
Dorsal:
Prone: the body lying face downward; stomach lying
Supine: Lying on the back; face upward position of the body
Dorsal: relating to the back; posterior
Ventral:
Volar:
Plantar:
Ventral: relating to the belly or abdomen
Volar: relating to the palm of the hand or sole of the foot
Plantar: relating to the sole or undersurface of the foot
Anterior:
Anteroinferior:
Anterosuperior:
Anterior: in front or in the front part
Anteroinferior: in front and below
Anterosuperior: in front and above
Anterolateral:
Anteromedial:
Anteroposterior:
Anterolateral: in front and to the side, especially the outside
Anteromedial: in front and toward the inner side or midline
Anteroposterior: relating to both front and near
Posterior:
Posteroinferior:
Posterolateral:
Posterior: behind, in back, or in the rear
Posteroinferior: behind and below; in back and below
Posterolateral: behind and to one side; specifically to the outside
Posteromedial:
Posterosuperior:
posteromedial: behind and to the inner side
Posterosuperior: behind and at the upper part
movement of body segments around a joint axis
resulting motion of bones relative to 3 cardinal planes
from physiological movements
OSTEOKINEMATICS
physiological movements -> flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, etc.
OSTEOKINEMATICS
Imaginary two-dimensional surface through which a
limb or body segment is moved
PLANE OF MOTION
What plane direction?
X-axis -
Y-axis -
Z-axis -
X-axis - horizontal
Y-axis - Vertical
Z-axis - 3rd plane
______ or Antero-posterior Plane
Sagittal or Antero-posterior Plane
Divides the body into equal, bilateral segments
It bisects the body into 2 equal symmetrical halves or a right and left half
Sagittal or Antero-posterior Plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior halves
Frontal or Coronal Plane
XY plane
➢ Side movement,
Frontal or Coronal Plane
divides the body into superior and inferior halves when
the individual is in anatomic position
Transverse or Horizontal Plane
XZ plane
Transverse or Horizontal Plane
What plane does these occurs:
trunk rotation,
internal and external rotation,
sit-up
abduction and adduction
trunk rotation, = Transverse or Horizontal Plane
internal and external rotation, = Transverse or Horizontal Plane
sit-up = Sagittal or Antero-posterior Plane
abduction and adduction = Frontal or Coronal Plane
