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KINESIOLOGY > Elbow Complex > Flashcards

Elbow Complex Flashcards

1
Q

Bones (3}) and joints (4) of the Elbow Complex

A

Bones: humerus, radius, ulna

Joints: humeroradial joint, humeroulnar joint, radioulnar joint (proximal & distal)

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2
Q

T or F

The ulna is larger proximally, while the radius is larger distally

A

TRUE

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3
Q

The Humeroulnar joint is formed by what specific landmark of the bones?

A

Formed by the trochlear notch of the ulna
+
The trochlea of the humerus

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4
Q

What is the concave and convex of the humeroulnar joint?

A

Trochlear notch: concave
Trochlea: convex

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5
Q

How many DOF does the humeroulnar joint have? and what is it?

A
  • DOF: 1 (flexion/extension)
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6
Q

What type of joint id the humeroulnar joint?

A

Synarthrodial joint; hinge joint
- can be modified as modified hinge joint

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7
Q

What rule is applied to the Humeroulnar joint?
For both flexion and extension

A

Convex-concave rule: concave on convex

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8
Q

During flexion,
The concavity of the trochlear notch will ___ and ___on the trochlea of the humerus

A

The concavity of the trochlear notch will ROLL and SLIDE
on the trochlea of the humerus

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9
Q

Which statement id false:
- In open kinematic chain (OKC) motion, sliding and rolling are in the same direction
- In closed kinematic chain (CKC) motion, sliding (posterior) and rolling (anterior) are in different directions

A

NONE

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10
Q

According to some references, if flexed at ____ (degrees),
there’s no surface contact between the trochlea and
trochlear notch

A

According to some references, if flexed at 30°-120°,
there’s no surface contact between the trochlea and
trochlear notch

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11
Q

What movement?
The olecranon process (ulna) enters the olecranon fossa (humerus)

A

Elbow Extension

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12
Q

What happens when the elbow is extended? (what part is lax and taught)

A
  • Anterior part: the flexor muscles, anterior capsule, and
    anterior fibers of the MCL are stretched
  • Posterior part: the extensor muscles and posterior
    capsule are slack
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13
Q

What specific bony landmark compose the Humeroradial joint?

A

Formed by the radial head
+
The capitulum (humerus)

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14
Q

In the humeroradial joint, which is concave and which is convex?

A

Radial head (fovea): concave
Capitulum: convex

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15
Q

What rule is applied to the Humeroradial joint?

A

Convex-concave rule: concave on convex

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16
Q

This is a condyloid joint

A

HUMERORADIAL (HR) JOINT

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17
Q

What movement of the Humeroradial joint;
The rim of the radial head slides in the capitulotrochlear groove which will enter the radial fossa

A

Flexion

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18
Q

What happens to the humeroradial joint during elbow flexion (which Roll and slide)

A
  • Movement of this is most of the radius on the humerus
  • The radial head will ROLL and SLIDE on the capitulum (humerus)
  • The radial head will move anteriorly
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19
Q

T or F

Most activities of daily living (ADL) will occur within the arch of 90°-130°

A

FALSE
Most activities of daily living (ADL) will occur within the
arch of 30°-130°

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20
Q

Normal ROM: of elbow joint (Flex/extend)

A

Normal ROM: 0-145°

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21
Q

Which is incorrect: HR joint flexion
- OKC: same direction (Posterior)
- CKC: anterior roll, posterior slide

A
  • OKC: same direction (anterior)
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22
Q

Which is incorrect: HR extension
- OKC: same direction (posterior)
- CKC: anterior slide, posterior roll

A

Both are correct

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23
Q

Aka “pulled elbow”

A

NURSEMAID’S ELBOW

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24
Q

nursemaid’s elbow is more common to young children who are less than ___ years old
- This is due to the lack of development of the articulation and ligament; less stable

A

5 years old

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25
Q

Mechanism of injury: of the nursemaid elbow

A

Mechanism of injury: attraction force within the elbow of the child

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26
Q

The radial head is traumatically pulled out from the attachment (radial fossa)
- This makes the __ ___ to be torn

A

Nursemaid elbow
Annular ligament is torn

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27
Q

Specific bony composition of the proximal Radioulnar joint

A

Attachment of the radial notch (ulna)
+
radial head (radius)

28
Q

What rule is applies to the proximal RU joint?

A

Concave-convex rule: convex on concave

29
Q

What is convex and concave in the proximal Ru joint?

A
  • Radial head (rim): convex
  • Radial notch: concave
30
Q

What type of joint is the Proximal RU joint?

A

Pivot joint

31
Q

Specific components of the Distal RU joint?

A

Attachment of the ulnar notch (radius)
+
ulnar head (ulna)

32
Q

What rule is applied to the Distal RU joint?

A

Concave-convex rule: concave on convex

33
Q

Which is convex and concave in the distal RU joint?

A
  • Ulnar head: convex
  • Ulnar notch: concave
34
Q

What movement will the radius will move over the ulna

A

Pronation

35
Q

Arthrokinematics of the proximal segment (RU joint) during pronation
OKC:
CKC:

A
  • OKC: the radius will rotate anteriorly on the ulna
  • CKC: the radius (convex) is fixed while the ulna (concave) moves, providing the same direction for rotating (anterior)
36
Q

Arthrokinematics of the distal segment (RU joint) during pronation
OKC:
CKC:

A
  • OKC: the ulnar notch (radius) will roll and slide posteriorly [concave on convex]
  • CKC: the ulna (convex) will move against the radius (concave), providing opposite movement; anterior rolling and posterior sliding
37
Q

According to other references (other than Brunnstrom’s),
the ulna is fixed, however, according to Brunnstrom’s, the
ulna will move posterolaterally

A

Take note

38
Q

The movement of the ulna will be ___ during supination

A

The movement of the ulna will be anteromedial

39
Q

Arthrokinematics of the proximal segment during supination
OKC:
CKC:

A
  • OKC: the radius will rotate posteriorly
  • CKC: the ulna will rotate posteriorly
40
Q

Arthrokinematics of the distal segment during supination
OKC:
CKC:

A
  • OKC: the ulnar notch (radius) will roll and slide anteriorly
  • CKC: the ulna will roll posteriorly and slide anteriorly
41
Q

What movement will The palmar capsular ligament (anterior hand) will stretch, while the dorsal capsular ligament will be lax

A

SUPINATION

42
Q

What movement will the The palmar capsular ligament will be lax, while the dorsal capsular ligament will stretch

A

PRONATION

43
Q

LIGAMENTS OF THE ELBOW COMPLEX

A

MEDIAL/ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (MCL)
LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT COMPLEX (LCL)
ANNULAR LIGAMENT
QUADRATE LIGAMENT

44
Q

This binds the radius and ulna

A

INTEROSSEUS MEMBRANE

45
Q
  • Serves as a stable attachment site for several extrinsic muscles of the hand
A

INTEROSSEUS MEMBRANE

46
Q

T or F
the Interosseous membrane decreases the surface area for muscle attachment

A

FALSE
Increases the surface area for muscle attachment

47
Q

Most of the fibers of the interosseus membrane are called the

A

CENTRAL BAND
–This has ultimate tensile strength and is twice the thickness of other fibers

48
Q

Patients with any problem regarding the interosseous membrane should avoid ??

A

Patients with any problem regarding the interosseous
membrane should avoid compressing and distracting
forces

49
Q

What force?
The interosseus membrane is stretched (taut) and it
helps with the distribution of force towards the UE

A

COMPRESSION FORCE

50
Q

What force?
The interosseus membrane is relaxed (lax/slack)

A

DISTRACTING FORCE

51
Q

Stress wherein The forearm moves away from the midline
There’s compression stress on the lateral aspect/compression and distraction stress on the medial aspect of the elbow

A

VALGUS STRESS

52
Q

What ligament is stretched during:
VALGUS:
VARUS:

A

VALGUS: MCL
VARUS: LCL

53
Q

Normal ROM for elbow flexion:
reffered to as ___ arc

A

Normal ROM for elbow flexion: 0-145°
Functional arc

54
Q

Elbow can be flexed actively/passively (based on HR joint), How many degrees for each:
- Active:
- Passive:

A

Active: 30°-145°
Passive: 150°-160° added

55
Q

T or F
If the forearm is in a supinated position then it’s flexed, the ROM is less than when the forearm is pronated

A

FALSE
If the forearm is in a pronated position (or it’s in the process of going to pronation/supination) then it’s flexed, the ROM is less than when the forearm is supinated

56
Q

If the forearm is supinated THEN flexed, the ROM is?

A

GREATER

57
Q

If the forearm is mid-supinated THEN flexed, the ROM is ?

A

LESSER

58
Q

T or F

The 30°-130° arch of elbow flexion is the elbow ROM in order to perform all the ADL

A

TRUE

59
Q

T or F

The Subclavius and biceps brachii may limit the elbow ROM since these crosses the elbow and shoulder

A

FALSE
The triceps and biceps brachii may limit the elbow ROM
since these crosses the elbow and shoulder

60
Q

During shoulder flexion, elbow flexion is LIMITED and
there’ll be tension in the (muscle)

A

During shoulder flexion, elbow flexion is LIMITED and there’ll be tension in the TRICEPS BRACHII

61
Q

During shoulder hyperextension, elbow extension is
LIMITED and there’ll be tension in the(muscle)

A

During shoulder hyperextension, elbow extension is LIMITED and there’ll be tension in the BICEPS BRACHII

62
Q
  • Normal ROM for PRONATION:
  • Normal ROM for SUPINATION:
  • Functional arch for elbow flexion:
A
  • Normal ROM for PRONATION: 0-75°
  • Normal ROM for SUPINATION: 0-85°
  • Functional arch for elbow flexion: 30-130°
63
Q

Functional arch for pronation/supination: __° respectively

A

50

64
Q

This is also called the cubitus angle/valgus

A

CARRYING ANGLE

65
Q

Which carrying angle is greater male or females?? how many degrees for each?

A

females 13°-16° GREATER
Male: 11°-14°

66
Q

If the value is less than normal (<5°), it’s considered as cubitus varus (pathologic deformity) aka?

A

gunstock deformity

67
Q
A

KINESIOLOGY (11 decks)

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