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Clinical Anatomy > Shoulder Complex > Flashcards

Shoulder Complex Flashcards

1
Q

Scapulothoracic upward rotation

A

Serratus anterior
Upper trap
Lower trap

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2
Q

Scapulothoracic downward rotation

A

Rhomboids
Pec minor
Levator scapulae

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3
Q

Scapulothoracic elevation

A

Upper trap
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

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4
Q

Scapulothoracic depression

A

Subclavius
Latissimus dorsi
Lower trap
Pec minor
Serratus anterior

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5
Q

Scapulothoracic protraction

A

Serratus anterior
Pec minor
Pec major

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6
Q

Scapulothoracic retraction

A

Middle and lower trap
Rhomboids

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7
Q

Scapular winging possible causes (3)

A

Muscle weakness - serratus anterior, trapezius, rhomboids
AC joint dysfunction (hyper\hypo mobility)
Kyphosis
Slouched posture (shortened pec minor)

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8
Q

Muscles responsible for Scapulothoracic joint elevation

A

Upper trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids (major and minor)

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9
Q

Muscles responsible for Scapulothoracic joint depression

A

Lower trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius

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10
Q

Muscles responsible for Scapulothoracic joint retraction

A

Rhomboids
Middle and lower traps

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11
Q

Muscles responsible for Scapulothoracic joint upward rotation

A

Upper and lower trap
Serratus anterior

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12
Q

Muscles responsible for Scapulothoracic joint protraction

A

Serratus anterior
Pec minor

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13
Q

Muscles responsible for Scapulothoracic joint downward rotation

A

Rhomboids
Pec minor
Levator scapulae

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14
Q

Head of humerus normal position?

A

30* retroverted

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15
Q

Normal clavicle position (degrees?)

A

20* posteriorly rotated

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16
Q

Normal scapular position? (Degrees)

A

35* anteriorly rotated

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17
Q

Superior transverse scapular ligament (nerve and artery?)

A

Suprascapular nerve passes under ligament (Suprascapular notch)

Suprascapular artery passes over ligament

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18
Q

Shoulder joint stability **incomplete

A

4* anteriorly rotated glenoid fossa?

Scapulothoracic stability

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19
Q

Resting position of scapula (3 planes + degrees of rotation?)

A

35-45* anteriorly? Or laterally? rotated (transverse plane)
10-20* inferiorly rotated? (Sagittal plane)
5-10* upward rotation (frontal plane)

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20
Q

Complications regarding the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

More likely to fracture and the axillary nerve passes through there - could also be a site of/for impingement?

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21
Q

Humerus angle of inclination? Torsion?

A

135*
30* retroverted - more retroversion = more external rotation (e.g. baseball pitcher)

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22
Q

Sternoclavicular joint type? Convex/concave surfaces?

A

Diarthrodial, double saddle

Longitudinal - clavicle is convex manubrium/sternal articulation is concave
Transverse is opposite - clavicle concave, sternal articulation is convex

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23
Q

Sternoclavicular planes of motion?

A

3

Elevation/depression (superior, inferior translation)
Protraction/retraction (anterior, posterior translation)
Anterior/posterior rotation

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24
Q

Depression of Sternoclavicular joint causes?

A

Brachial plexus (anterior and posterior divisions) and artery (superiorthoracic and axillary) compression

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25
Q

Sternoclavicular ligaments - articular disk considered a part of what with elevation/depression?

A

Sternum, Clavicle is moving over the articular disk and manubrium

26
Q

Sternoclavicular ligaments - articular disk considered a part of what with protraction/retraction?

A

Clavicle and articular disk moving over the manubrium

27
Q

Significance of interclavicular ligament?

A

Attaches two clavicles, limits depression

28
Q

Costoclavicular ligament limits?

A

Elevation

29
Q

Sternoclavicular ligament limits?

A

Anterior/posterior translation - posterior bundle is thicker

30
Q

Anterior/posterior rotation of the clavicle - which is there more of?

A

Posterior rotation - plays significant role in closed pack position

Anterior rotation is essentially coming back to the resting position

31
Q

Sternoclavicular joint kinematics - elevation/depression, limits

A

Convex clavicle surface moving on concave sternal surface

Elevation = superior roll and inferior glide w superior translation (and vice versa) *limited by costoclavicular ligament

Depression limited by interclavicular ligament and superior capsule of SC jt

32
Q

Sternoclavicular joint kinematics - protraction/retraction, limits

A

Concave clavicle surface moving on convex sternal surface - roll/glide in SAME direction

Protraction = anterior roll and anterior glide, limited by posterior capsule of SC jt
Retraction = posterior roll and glide, limited by anterior capsule and costoclavicular ligament

33
Q

Sternoclavicular joint kinematics - anterior/posterior roll

A

Posterior roll (inferior side of clavicle starts facing anteriorly) needed for full arm raise (180*)

34
Q

Scapulothoracic rhythm

A

2:1 ratio of movement - glenohumeral (120) to Scapulothoracic(60)

35
Q

Arcade of frohse can cause?

A

Impingement of posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve (PIN) causing wrist drop

36
Q

Finger trick (humerus, triceps long head, teres minor, teres major)

A

Quadrangular space - axillary nerve, posterior humeral circumflex artery
Triangular space - scapular circumflex
Triangular interval - radial nerve, deep brachial artery

37
Q

Cubical fossa (borders: humeral epicondyles, Brachioradialis, Pronator teres)

A

Contents: Really Need Booze To Be At My Nicest

Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve

38
Q

Streuther’s ligament may compress?

A

Median nerve

39
Q

Median nerve compression/ injury may lead to condition called?

A

Pronator’s Syndrome

40
Q

The term “shoulder movement” describes

A

The combined motions at both the glenohumeral and Scapulothoracic joints

41
Q

As a result of the shoulder complex being connected to the axial skeleton by a single joint (sternoclavicular), muscles/muscle forces serve as a primary mechanism for?

A

Securing the shoulder girdle to the thorax (Scapulothoracic articulation) and providing a stable base for upper extremity movements

42
Q

The scapular plane is defined by 3 angulations of the scapula at rest. What are they?

A

Internally rotated 35-45*

Anteriorly tilted 10-15*

Upwardly rotated 5-10*

43
Q

Surgical neck of the humerus is below the anatomical neck below the tubercles. A fracture here is more or less likely than at the anatomical neck?

A

More likely and would cause damage to the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery (contents of the quadrangular space)

44
Q

SC joint movement during shoulder movements: 1st 30* upward rotation of the scapula requires what motion at the SC joint?

Upward rotation of scapula from 30-60* requires what motion at SC joint?

A

Elevation

posterior rotation

45
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament comprised of what ligaments?

A

Trapezoid - resists posterior directed forces applied to the lateral/distal clavicle

Conoid - resists superior directed forces applied at the distal clavicle or inferiorly directed forces applied to the acromion

As a whole the coracoclaviclar ligament limits upward rotation of the scapula at the AC jt
AND couples posterior rotation of the clavicle with upward rotation of the scapula

46
Q

Upward rotation of the scapula and AC jt coincides with posterior rotation of the clavicle and WHAT at the coracoclavicular ligaments?

A

Slack - posterior rotation of clavicle releases tension on the coracoclavicular ligaments

47
Q

Scapulothoracic upward rotation is the result of the combined motions at the SC and AC joints. What are they?

A

SC elevation and posterior rotation of the clavicle

AC upward rotation

48
Q

Upward/downward rotation of Scapulothoracic joint - axis of first 30*

Last 30*?

A

Base of spine of scap

AC jt

49
Q

Upward rotation muscles (3)

A

Serratus anterior
Upper and lower trap

50
Q

Downward rotation (3)

A

Rhomboids
Pec minor
Levator scapulae

51
Q

Elevation of Scapulothoracic joint is comprised of motion at the clavicle and AC joints

A

Clavicular elevation at the SC jt

Scapular downward rotation and anterior tilt at AC joint

52
Q

Muscles responsible for elevation of Scapulothoracic jt (3)

A

Levator scapulae
Upper trap
Rhomboids

53
Q

Muscles responsible for depression at Scapulothoracic joint

A

Serratus anterior
Lower trap
Subclavius
Pec minor
Latissimus dorsi

54
Q

Scapulothoracic joint protraction comprised of motion at SC and AC

A

SC protraction
AC internal rotation

55
Q

Glenoid labrum increases depth of glenoid fossa by?

A

50%

56
Q

Glenohumeral joint capsule tightens with what two motions at the humerus

A

Abduction and lateral/external rotation

57
Q

Rotator cuff muscle tendons provide additional stability to what important structure at the shoulder?

A

Glenohumeral joint capsule - bc they insert directly onto and blend into the capsule

58
Q

Glenohumeral joint ligaments (3)

A

Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, inferior)

Coracohumeral

Coracoacromial

59
Q

Glenohumeral capsule is taught in some places and loose in others. What directions?

A

Taut superiorly

Slack anteriorly and inferiorly

60
Q

Hill-Sachs lesion/fracture associated with? located where?

A

Cortical depression in the Posterolateral head of humerus caused by forceful impact against anteroinferior glenoid rim in the case of a shoulder dislocation

61
Q

Anterior shoulder dislocation associated with what injuries? (4)

A

Bankhart lesion (damage to labrum)
Hill-Sachs lesion
Axillary and/or Suprascapular nerve damage

Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

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