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Clinical Anatomy > Foot & Ankle > Flashcards

Foot & Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the ankle and foot (11)

A

Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
-talus
-calcaneous
-navicular
-cuboid
-cuneiform
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Sesamoid

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2
Q

Pes cavus - what is it, more likely to endure what kind of injury?

A

Rigid foot, greater supination

Fractures

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3
Q

Pes planus - what is it? What type of injury?

A

Flat feet/foot, more weight through forefoot and navicular area, more mobility, ligament laxity, more tension on ligaments, tendons, capsules

More soft tissue (ligament and tendon) injuries

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4
Q

Talocrural typically known by what other name?

A

Ankle joint

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5
Q

Proximal tibiofibular joint motion

A

Superior/inferior glide with plantar/Dorsi flexion

Anterior/posterior slide (manual movement?)

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6
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint support

A

Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Posterior tibiofibular ligament
Interosseous membrane

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7
Q

What percentage of forces pass through talus and tibia? Talus and fibula?

A

90-95% pass through tibia and talus

5-10% through lateral region of talus and fibula

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8
Q

Close pack position of talocrural joint

A

Dorsiflexion - talus wedged up into mortise created by tib/fib

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9
Q

Normal range of tibial torsion (external rotation)

A

20-30*

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10
Q

Lateral collateral ligaments

A

Anterior taloFibular ligament (ATFL)
Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)
Posterior taloFibular ligament (PTFL)

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11
Q

Lateral collateral ligament sprains (1-3)

A

Grade 1: ATFL - plantarflexion and inversion
Grade 2: CFL
Grade 3: PTFL

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12
Q

Anterior talofibular ligament resists

A

Inversion/internal rotation
Adduction
Anterior displacement

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13
Q

80% of all ankle sprains involve

A

The ATFL, CFL or both

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14
Q

Calcaneofibular ligament resists?

A

Inversion

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15
Q

Subtalar joint aka?

A

Talocalcaneous joint

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16
Q

Posterior talofibular ligament resists?

A

Excessive external rotation of the talus - least injured

17
Q

Which ligament is stretched in someone with flat feet?

A

Spring ligament

18
Q

Pronation is a combo of what 3 movements?

A

Dorsiflexion, abduction, eversion (flat foot)

19
Q

Supination is a combo of what 3 movements?

A

Plantarflexion, inversion, adduction (rigid foot)

20
Q

Talocrural motion - joint axis, degrees of freedom, open pack, loose pack

A

Joint axis runs from lateral to medial malleolis

1 degree of freedom (plantar and Dorsiflexion)

Open pack = plantarflexion
Close pack = Dorsiflexion

21
Q

Pronation and supination happen in all joints of the ankle/foot besides?

A

Talocrural joint

22
Q

Articulations of the rear foot? What comprises the majority?

A

Talocalcaneal/subtalar jt (comprises majority of rearfoot and is what is typically referred to when rearfoot is mentioned)

Calcanealcuboid

Talocalcanealnavicular

23
Q

What is the sinus tarsus?

A

“Tunnel” between articulation of talus and calcaneus that some soft tissue runs through (ligaments, arteries, nerves, and other soft structures)

24
Q

Sinus tarsus syndrome?

A

Irritation of structures that run through sinus tarsus

25
Q

Osseous components of the mid foot - lateral

A

Metatarsals (4th and 5th rays)
cuboid

26
Q

Osseous components of the mid foot - medial

A

Metatarsals 1st-3rd rays
Medial middle lateral cuneiforms
Navicular

27
Q

Midtarsal joint comprised of what 3 joints?

A

Calcaneocuboid
Calcaneonavicular
Talonavicular

28
Q

What joint serves/helps to make the lateral side of the foot more stabile than the medial side?

A

Calcaneocuboid - both concave and coves surfaces on each help them to interlock

29
Q

Bifurcated or y ligament connects? Prevents?

A

All 3 articulations of the rearfoot - calcaneonavicular, Calcaneocuboid

Adduction of mid foot on rearfoot

30
Q

Capsular pattern for ankle

A

Greater loss of plantarflexion compared to dorsiflexion

31
Q

Capsular pattern for subtalar joint

A

Los of inversion (varus)

Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

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