Foot & Ankle Flashcards
Bones of the ankle and foot (11)
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
-talus
-calcaneous
-navicular
-cuboid
-cuneiform
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Sesamoid
Pes cavus - what is it, more likely to endure what kind of injury?
Rigid foot, greater supination
Fractures
Pes planus - what is it? What type of injury?
Flat feet/foot, more weight through forefoot and navicular area, more mobility, ligament laxity, more tension on ligaments, tendons, capsules
More soft tissue (ligament and tendon) injuries
Talocrural typically known by what other name?
Ankle joint
Proximal tibiofibular joint motion
Superior/inferior glide with plantar/Dorsi flexion
Anterior/posterior slide (manual movement?)
Distal tibiofibular joint support
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Posterior tibiofibular ligament
Interosseous membrane
What percentage of forces pass through talus and tibia? Talus and fibula?
90-95% pass through tibia and talus
5-10% through lateral region of talus and fibula
Close pack position of talocrural joint
Dorsiflexion - talus wedged up into mortise created by tib/fib
Normal range of tibial torsion (external rotation)
20-30*
Lateral collateral ligaments
Anterior taloFibular ligament (ATFL)
Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)
Posterior taloFibular ligament (PTFL)
Lateral collateral ligament sprains (1-3)
Grade 1: ATFL - plantarflexion and inversion
Grade 2: CFL
Grade 3: PTFL
Anterior talofibular ligament resists
Inversion/internal rotation
Adduction
Anterior displacement
80% of all ankle sprains involve
The ATFL, CFL or both
Calcaneofibular ligament resists?
Inversion
Subtalar joint aka?
Talocalcaneous joint
Posterior talofibular ligament resists?
Excessive external rotation of the talus - least injured
Which ligament is stretched in someone with flat feet?
Spring ligament
Pronation is a combo of what 3 movements?
Dorsiflexion, abduction, eversion (flat foot)
Supination is a combo of what 3 movements?
Plantarflexion, inversion, adduction (rigid foot)
Talocrural motion - joint axis, degrees of freedom, open pack, loose pack
Joint axis runs from lateral to medial malleolis
1 degree of freedom (plantar and Dorsiflexion)
Open pack = plantarflexion
Close pack = Dorsiflexion
Pronation and supination happen in all joints of the ankle/foot besides?
Talocrural joint
Articulations of the rear foot? What comprises the majority?
Talocalcaneal/subtalar jt (comprises majority of rearfoot and is what is typically referred to when rearfoot is mentioned)
Calcanealcuboid
Talocalcanealnavicular
What is the sinus tarsus?
“Tunnel” between articulation of talus and calcaneus that some soft tissue runs through (ligaments, arteries, nerves, and other soft structures)
Sinus tarsus syndrome?
Irritation of structures that run through sinus tarsus
Osseous components of the mid foot - lateral
Metatarsals (4th and 5th rays)
cuboid
Osseous components of the mid foot - medial
Metatarsals 1st-3rd rays
Medial middle lateral cuneiforms
Navicular
Midtarsal joint comprised of what 3 joints?
Calcaneocuboid
Calcaneonavicular
Talonavicular
What joint serves/helps to make the lateral side of the foot more stabile than the medial side?
Calcaneocuboid - both concave and coves surfaces on each help them to interlock
Bifurcated or y ligament connects? Prevents?
All 3 articulations of the rearfoot - calcaneonavicular, Calcaneocuboid
Adduction of mid foot on rearfoot
Capsular pattern for ankle
Greater loss of plantarflexion compared to dorsiflexion
Capsular pattern for subtalar joint
Los of inversion (varus)
