Shoulder and elbow problems

Question 1

What shoulder problems occur in the teens

Answer 1

fractures and instability

Question 2

What shoulder problems occur in 30-40s

Answer 2

rotator cuff and capsulitis

Question 3

What shoulder problems most commonly occur in 50s and 60s

Answer 3

Impingement (tendon of rotator cuff is pinched) and AC joint

Question 4

What shoulder problem occurs in 70>

Answer 4

Degenerative rotator cuff and joint

Question 5

Why is the shoulder joint instable

Answer 5

Because it’s mobility is so good

Question 6

What is the treatment of dislocation of the shoulder

Answer 6

Manipulating the joint back into place
immobilisation
Physiotherapy
Surgery

Question 7

subacromial impingement

Answer 7

degeneration in the acromio-clavicular joint produces osteophytes – as the arm abducts, the greater tuberosity impinges on the rotator cuffs – the bursa which separates the two becomes inflamed so there is less space and the acromion-clavicular ligament also becomes impinged

Question 8

What is the bigliani definition of impingement

Answer 8

Pain and dysfunction caused by pathology which decreases the volume of the subacromial space or causes an increase in the size of the contents

Question 9

What is the treatment of subacromial impengement

Answer 9

Subacromial steroid injection
physiotherapy
Arthroscopic subacromial decompression - coracoid ligament was removed and the space improved

Question 10

What is frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)

Answer 10

Shoulder is painful and stiff

Question 11

What is the treatment of frozen shoulder if it presents early

Answer 11

steroid injections are most common treatment

hydrodilatation - injecting fluid into the joint to stretch out the joint capsule

Question 12

What is the treatment of frozen shoulder if it presents late

Answer 12

surgery

Question 13

What is the diagnostic pattern of frozen shoulder

Answer 13

Initial painful shoulder - pain eases but the shoulder becomes stiff - then the stiffness begins to thaw and return to normal

Question 14

What are the two types of causes of rotator cuff tear

Answer 14

trauma
degenerative

Question 14

How is rotator cuff tear diagnosed

Answer 14

Clinical - diagnosed on exam
Ultrasound or MRI can also be used for diagnosis

Question 15

What is the key different thing between frozen shoulder and subacromial impingement

Answer 15

Subacromial impingement is stiff and painful during abduction while frozen shoulder is stiff in every movement of the shoulder joint

Question 16

What is the treatment of acute rotator cuff tear

Answer 16

early surgery

Question 17

What is the treatment of chronic degenerative tear

Answer 17

surgery if symptomatic

Question 18

What is an option for massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears

Answer 18

superior capsular reconstruction

Question 19

What elbow issues occur in the young

Answer 19

Fracture and dislocation

Question 20

What elbow issues occur in middle age

Answer 20

Tendinopathies

Question 21

What elbow issues occur in the elderly

Answer 21

degenerative

Question 22

What issues occur in the elbow joint at all ages

Answer 22

Cubital tunnel syndrome at any age

Question 23

Where does golfers elbow pain occur

Answer 23

inside of forearm (medial side) - flexors attach to this

Question 24

Where does tennis elbow pain occur

Answer 24

outside of the forearm (lateral side) - extensors attach to this