Paediatric orthapaedics - CP, CTEV and Scoliosis Flashcards
What is the definition of complex needs
A child with multiple complex disabilities in which they have at least 2 different severe impairments which no professional has a monopoly in the assessment and management
What are the functions that can be affected in complex needs
learning and mental functions
communication
Motor skills
self care
hearing
vision
What is the criteria for a child to have complex exceptional needs
Under 19 years old
Severe impairment in 4 out of the following with enteral or parenteral feeding :
learning and mental functions
communication
Motor skills
self care
hearing
vision
Severe impairment in 2 categories with ventilation
Impairments which are lasting longer than 6 months
What is cerebral palsy
Permanent and non progressive motor disorder due to brain damage before birth or during the first 2 years of life
What are the causes of cerebral palsy
neurological damage which occurs before birth or during the first 2 years after birth
Prenatal - placental insufficiency, toxaemia, smoking, alcohol, drugs, infections such as toxoplasmosis
Perinatal - prematurity - most common, anoxic injuries , severe infections , kernicterus - to do with jaundice, haemolytic disease of new born - child developing antibodies to maternal blood
Postnatal - infection and head trauma
What is the most common type of cerebral palsy
spastic - pyramidal system and motor cortex affected which causes stiffness
What is athetoid cerebral palsy
Affecting the extrapyramidal system and basal ganglia - movement disorders and problems with coordination
What is ataxic cerebral palsy
Affects cerebellum and brainstem - balance issues
What is the mixed type of cerebral palsy
Combination of spacticity and athetosis - stiffness and movement disorder
What is monoplegia
one limb involved
What is hemiplegia
One side of the body involved
What is diplegia
Lower limbs involved
What is quadriplegia
Total body involvement
List the gross motor function classification system
level 1 - walks without limitations
level 2 - walks with limitations
level 3 - walks with hand held mobility device
Level 4 - self-mobility with limitations - may use powered mobility
Level 5 - transported in wheelchair
What are the main symptoms in cerebral palsy
spasticity - increased muscle tone
Lack of voluntary limb control
muscle weakness
Poor coordination
Impaired senses - hearing, vision, taste, smell, touch