Principles of paediatric orthopaedics Flashcards
What is bone or joint pain which is worse at night in children diagnostic of unless proven otherwise
Infection or tumour
Where does longitudinal growth occur
At the epiphyseal growth plate
What happens to the growth plate when you stop growing
The growth plate fuses
When during embryonic development does most of the MSK development occur
4-6 weeks
What is spina bifida
Congenital abnormality where part of the spinal cord and it’s meninges are exposed through the back
What is proximal femoral focal deficiency
Part of the childs femur is missing
What is TAR syndrome
Born without a radius in the forearm - their forearm only has an ulna bone
Also got thrombocytopenia - low platelets but in this condition, born without platelets
What was wrong with Thalidomide
It is a teratogenic drug which causes babies to be born with reduced number of limbs
What is congenital scoliosis
Abnormalities in the bones which causes scoliosis
What is metatarsus adductus
Foot bent inwards
What is infantile postural scoliosis
Normally males - scoliosis caused by baby being squashed in the womb but high recovery rate after birth
what is plagiocephaly
Plagiocephaly – children has a flat head – babies head is pushed against the pelvis – few months after delivery, the head becomes normal
What is congenital torticolis
Baby is twisted and the sternocleidomastoid becomes damaged - baby is therefore born looking to one side
What is talipes equino-varus
club foot - foot turned inwards
What is in toed gait
When the child walks, the feet are pointing inwards
What are bow legs
The ankles are closer together than the knees - varus of the knee
What are flat feet
No arch in the foot
What are the causes of in toed gait in a newborn
The foot
What is the cause of in toed gait in infants - 2-5 years old
Tibial inversion
What is the cause of in toed gait in children of school age
Femoral inversion
What happens to childrens ability to internally rotate as they become older
It decreases
What is knock knee
Their knees are closer together then their ankles
What is a flexible flat foot
When you lift the big toe up, the flat foot disappears and an arch is visible
What is the treatment for curly toes if they cause issues
Flexor tenotomy - lengthening the tendon of the toe
What is the average walking age
1 year old but it is quite variable
What is the rules that should be followed on who to refer to paediatric orthopaedics
5S’s :
S- symptoms
S - symmetry (asymmetry is when referral is usually does)
S - stiffness - very rare in children so normally there is an underlying issue
S - syndromes
S - systemic illness
