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Anatomy Test Block II > Shoulder and axilla > Flashcards

Shoulder and axilla Flashcards

1
Q

The lower limb is adapted for what?

A

to be a stable platform for locomotion; limited ROM, larger joints/ligaments; robust bones

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2
Q

The upper limb sacrifices stability for what?

A

mobility and manipulation; joints have increased ROM, decreased body attachments; smaller bones and muscles; delicate features

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3
Q

What dermatome is predominant along the posterior arm and forearm?

A

C7 - C6 on its thumside and C8 on pinky side

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4
Q

Where do breaks in the humerus most often occur?

A

surgical neck

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5
Q

Flexors of the forearm arise from what attachment?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

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6
Q

Extensors of the forarm arise from what?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

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7
Q

What bone and process articulates with the humerus?

A

ulna - olecranon process

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8
Q

Sine the olecranon and the head of the radius don’t move, how is the forearm pronated and supinated?

A

the radius is rotated over the top of the ulna (to pronate)

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9
Q

What is the only bony articulation of the scapula to the body?

A

through the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint

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10
Q

What is the only bony attachment of the clavicle to the body?

A

sternoclavicular joint

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11
Q

Where does the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii attach?

A

it goes through the intertubercular groove to attach to the supraglenoid tubercle

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12
Q

What is the most commonly fx bone in the body?

A

middle 1/3 of the clavicle

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13
Q

If the fx is fragmented, what is it called?

A

comminuted fx

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14
Q

Where is the shoulder joint the weakest?

A

inferior aspect

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15
Q

Where do most shoulder dislocations occur?

A

anterior inferior - b/c rotator cuff muscles are in front, on top and in back, but not inferior

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16
Q

origin / insertion of pec major

A

clavicle, sternum and ribs to the humerus

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17
Q

origin / insertion of pec minor

A

ribs to the coracoid process

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18
Q

deltoid origin / insertion

A

clavicle, aromion, scapular spine to humerus

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19
Q

What does the deltoid do?

A

flex and extends shoulder, abducts the arm but nothing over 90 degrees

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20
Q

What innervates the deltoid?

A

axillary n

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21
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor
subscapularis

SITS

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22
Q

What is the most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle?

A

supraspinatus - also most commonly involved in rotator cuff tendonitis

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23
Q

How do you test for rotator cuff injury?

A

empty can test

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24
Q

brachial plexus trunks are found where?

A

b/w anterior and middle scalenes

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25
Q

roots of brachial plexus are what?

A

VPR

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26
Q

When does the subclavian a turn into the axillary?

A

once it passes the first rib

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27
Q

When does the axillary turn into the brachial a.?

A

once it passes teres major

28
Q

What are the main branches of the axillary a.?

A

superior thoracic; thoracoacromial; lateral thoracic; subscapular; cirumflex humeral

29
Q

What a. wraps around the head of humerus to supply the glenohumeral joint?

A

anterior and posterior cirumflex humeral arteries

30
Q

What a. runs down the thoracic wall to supply serratus anterior?

A

lateral thoracic

31
Q

thoracoacromial branch of axillary a gives off what 4 branches?

A

clavicular, pectoral, deltoid and acromial

32
Q

What is the largest branch of the axillary a?

A

subscapular a.; gives off circumflex scapular and thoracodoral (lat)

33
Q

What is the anastamosis of the scapula?

A

suprascapular a. joins circumflex scapular a. and transverse cervical a. joins thoracodorsal

34
Q

If an injury occurs around the axillary or subclavian a. - what arteries are the border of the anastomoses meaning there could still be blood supply?

A

between the thyrocervical trunk and subscapular a.

35
Q

what structures are present in the suprascapular notch?

A

the suprascapular nerve goes under the ligament in the notch and the suprascapular a. goes over it

36
Q

quadrangluar space contains what structures?

A

axillary n and posterior humeral circumflex.

37
Q

A fx of the surgical neck runs the risk of injury to what?

A

axilary n and posterior humeral circumflex a. (quadrangular space)

38
Q

What is the radial n. located in the arm?

A

in the spiral groove of the humerus

39
Q

what a. runs with the radial n. in the spinal groove of humerus?

A

deep brachial / profunda brachii

40
Q

A mid shaft fx would likely injury what structures?

A

radial n. and depp brachial a.

41
Q

What structure is commonly injured in shoulder dislocations?

A

axillary n

42
Q

axillary n supples what?

A

deltoid

43
Q

How do you test for axillary n injury?

A

chevron sign; ask if pt can feel touch to base of deltoid area

44
Q

What are the dermatomes of the hand?

A

thumb to pinky: C6 C7 C8

radial median ulnar

45
Q

musculocutaneous n gives rise to what cutaneous n?

A

lateral antibrachial cutaneous

46
Q

the medial cord gives rise to what cutaneous nerves?

A

medial brachial and antibrachial cutaneous nerves

47
Q

radial n gives rise to what cutaneous n?

A

lower lateral cutaneous

48
Q

axillary n gives rise to what cutaneous n?

A

upper lateral cutaneous

49
Q

What superfical vein is on the lateral arm?

A

cephalic

50
Q

Where does the cephalic drain?

A

drains to the axillary vein through the deltopectoral triangle

51
Q

what superficial vein is medial?

A

basilic

52
Q

How does the basilic v. drain?

A

to the medial intermuscular septum to join the brachial veins

53
Q

Which vein is used for long term catheters?

A

basilic

54
Q

What are the contents of the anterior axilla?

A

axillary sheath; brachial plexus cords; axillary a and main branches; deep veins of upper limb

55
Q

What innervates the muscles of the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

medial and lateral cords - medial and lateral pectoral nerves

56
Q

What innervates the medial wall of the axilla (serratus anterior)

A

long thoracic n. from brachial plexus roots

57
Q

What innervates the posterior wall of axilla? (lat, teres major, subscapularis)

A

branches from posterior cord (upper and lower supscapular n and thoracodorsal)

58
Q

What does the posterior cord of the brachial plexus supply?

A

axillary for the shoulder nad radial for the extensor arm / forear

59
Q

musculocutaneous supples?

A

all flexor ARM muscles

60
Q

median n supplies?

A

all flexor FOREARM muscles (except for 1 and 1/2)

61
Q

ulnar n supples?

A

all HAND muscles except 1 and 1/2

62
Q

pec major is inn by?

A

medal and lateral pec nerves

63
Q

pec minor is inn by?

A

medial pec n.

64
Q

subclavius is inn by?

A

n to subclavius of upper trunk

65
Q

serratus anterior (aka medial wall of axilla) fxn and inn

A

fxn: holds scapula to thoracic wall
inn: long thoracic

66
Q

injury of the serratus anterior can lead to what ?

A

winging of scaula. could be producd by impact injury to the back; vertebral border of scapula will swing out

67
Q

muscles of the posterior axillary fold and their innervations:

A 
infraspinatus: suprascapular n. 
teres minor: axillary n. 
subscapularis: upper and lower subscapular ns
teres major: lower subscapular n
lat: thoracodorsal

Anatomy Test Block II (7 decks)

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