Shoulder anatomy

Question 1

Deltoid

Answer 1

Origin:
Anterior: Lateral third of the clavicle
Middle: Acromion of the scapula
Posterior: Spine of the scapula

Insertion:
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Question 2

Supraspinatus

Answer 2

Origin:
Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion:
Greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 3

Infraspinatus

Answer 3

Origin:
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion:
Greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 4

Teres minor

Answer 4

Origin:
Lateral border of the scapula

Insertion:
Greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 5

Subscapularis

Answer 5

Origin:
Subscapular fossa of the scapula

Insertion:
Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Question 6

Teres major

Answer 6

Origin:
Inferior angle of the scapula

Insertion:
Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Question 7

Pectoralis major

Answer 7

Origin:
Clavicular head: Medial half of the clavicle
Sternocostal head: Sternum and cartilage of the first six ribs

Insertion:
Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Question 8

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 8

Origin:
Spinous processes of T7-L5, sacrum, and iliac crest

Insertion:
Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Question 9

Serratus anterior

Answer 9

Origin:
Upper eight or nine ribs

Insertion:
Medial border of the scapula

Question 10

Rhomboid major

Answer 10

Origin: Spinous processes of T2-T5

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula

Question 11

Rhomboid minor

Answer 11

Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T1

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula, at the level of the scapular spine

Question 12

Trapezius

Answer 12

Origin:
Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12

Insertion:
Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula

Question 13

Superior glenohumeral ligament

Answer 13

Origin: Superior glenoid tubercle of the scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Function: Limits external rotation and inferior translation of the humeral head.

Question 14

Middle GH ligament

Answer 14

Origin: Anterior aspect of the glenoid labrum

Insertion: Anterior surface of the humeral neck

Function: Provides stability during movements and limits external rotation.

Question 15

Inferior GH ligament

Answer 15

Origin: Inferior aspect of the glenoid labrum

Insertion: Anterior and posterior aspects of the humeral neck

Function: Stabilizes the joint during abduction and external rotation. It has an anterior and posterior band

Question 16

Coracohumeral ligament

Answer 16

Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

Function: Provides additional support to the shoulder joint, especially against inferior displacement and contributes to the stability of the rotator cuff.

Question 17

Coracoacromial ligament

Answer 17

Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion: Acromion of the scapula

Function: Forms a protective arch over the glenohumeral joint, preventing superior dislocation of the humeral head and providing a surface for the attachment of muscles.

Question 18

Acromioclavicular ligament

Answer 18

Origin: Acromion of the scapula

Insertion: Clavicle

Function: Stabilizes the acromioclavicular joint, which is important for shoulder motion.

Question 19

Name the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament

Answer 19

Conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament

Question 20

Coracoclavicular ligament (Conoid ligament)

Answer 20

Origin: Conoid tubercle of the clavicle
Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula
Function: Provides vertical stability to the acromioclavicular joint.

Question 21

Coracoclavicular ligament (Trapezoid ligament)

Answer 21

Origin: Trapezoid line of the clavicle

Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula

Function: Provides horizontal stability to the acromioclavicular joint.