Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Functional Anatomy > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Why are non-unions/mal-unions common in clavicles?

A

Weight and load from UE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Angle of glenoid

A

Lateral
Anterior
Superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glenoid Inclination

A

5 degrees of upward inclination –> lends passive stability

–Downward rotation of scapula reduces joint stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Humerus Inclination

A

130-150 degrees toward body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Humerus Retroversion

A

20-30 degrees

  • Diminishes IR
  • This and humerus inclination facilitate articulation with the superiorly oriented glenoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint

A

Sellar
Contains a meniscus, which absorbs shock and can become painful or stiff
Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does clavicle rotate with arm elevation?

A

Posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

AC Joint

A

Resists inferior translation of arm
Diarthrodial joint with meniscus (but meniscus doesn’t do much shock absorption)
Frequent site of DJD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

AC Joint Ligaments

A 
Acromioclavicular Ligament
Coracoacromial Ligament
Coracoclavicular Ligaments
- Trapezoid
- Conoid (more medial)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Muscles that reinforce the AC joint

A

Deltoid, Trapezius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Classification of AC Joint Injury

A 
Rockwood Classification
Type I-III: Same as tissue sprain classification
Type IV: Surgery considered
Type V: 100-300% increase in CC space
Type VI: Less than normal CC space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Scapulothoracic Joint Functions

A
  1. Increase GH stability/ Congruency
  2. Increase arm elevation ROM (2:1 GH to ST ratio)
  3. Muscle attachments
    - Optimizes length-tension relation of deltoid, e.g.
  4. Absorb force from arm/ allow reaching
  5. Maintain subacromial space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Scaption

A

30-40 degrees anterior to the frontal plane
Plane of maximal GH elevation
Allows humeral head to remain centered on the glenoid
- Equal sharing of tension in GH ligaments
Functional position of arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What nerve innervates Serratus Anterior?

A

Long thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anterior Scapular Stabilizers

A 
Serratus Anterior
Pec Minor (--> Downward tilt of scapula)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rhomboid

A

Scapular retraction AND elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Upward Rotators of Scapula

A

Upper trap, lower trap, serratus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Downward Rotators of Scapula

A

Levator, rhomboids, pec minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Phases of scapulohumeral rhythm

A

I (Setting), II (Critical) and III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Setting phase of scapulohumeral rhythm

A

Scapular Stabilization

  • Clavicular Elevation
  • AC Rotation
  • GH Spin/Roll/Glide
    3. 3GH: 1 ST
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Critical phase of scapulohumeral rhythm

A

0-90 degrees
Clavicular Rhotation
GH Roll and Glide (Inferior translation)
0.7GH: 1 ST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Phase III of scapulohumeral rhythm

A 
90 degrees and higher
AC Rotation
GH Roll and Glide
Thoracic and lumbar spine
**Where compensations begin (e.g. arching back)
3.5GH: 1 ST
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe Neumann’s Principle re: SC and AC movement during scapular rotation

A

Elevation of SC

Rotation of AC

24
Q

Describe Neumann’s Principle re: clavicle movement during shoulder horizontal ABD

A

Clavicle retracts and posteriorly rotates around it’s own axis

25
Describe Neumann's Principle re: scapular tilt and rotation during horizontal ABD
Posterior tilt | External rotation
26
Describe Neumann's Principle re: humerus movement during horizontal ABD
Humerus externally rotates to get greater tuberosity out of the way from acromion
27
Panjabi's Joint Stability Model - Neural control system
Involuntary loops GTO, muscle spindle, spasm, resting tension, muscle balance and firing pattern Allows "functional instability"
28
Panjabi's Joint Stability Model - Passive system factors
1. Joint geometry 2. Static stabilizers (capsule, ligaments, deltoid muscle bulk) 3. Joint compressive forces (gravity, capsule suction, glenoid upward inclination)
29
Panjabi's Joint Stability Model - Active system factors
1. Weight of arm and load (variable) 2. Compression by rotator cuff 3. Upward elevation of scapula be parascapular muscles
30
Glenoid Labrum Characteristics
- Narrow at top, wide at bottom - Hyaline cartilage lining is thinnest at the center where OA may develop - Attachment for ligaments
31
Bankart Labral Tear
Ant/Inf dislocation | Tear in ant/inf corner of labrum
32
SLAP lesion
Superior Labrum A-->P Biceps l.h. pulls labrum away from glenoid "Peel back" mechanism from position of ABD,ER (pitcher)
33
Kim Labral Tear
Posterior Inferior labrum
34
GH Joint capsule
- Blends with ligaments - Redundancy (Capsule is 2x volume of humeral head) allows mobility, but also allows adhesions to form after injury - Highly "reactive" to insults...Fibrosis of capsule
35
Adhesive capsulitis
Inflammation of the capsule's subsynovial layer with fibrosis, contracture, and adhesion between the capsule and the humeral neck, and in pockets of the capsule - Self-limiting - Treatment: Inferior GH glide
36
GH Ligaments
Superior, Middle, and Inferior | Fibers angled upward (from humeral head up toward scapula) to allow for ER
37
Superior GH Ligament
Limits inferior glide from anatomical position
38
Middle GH Ligament
Limits anterior glide from partial abduction
39
Inferior GH Ligament
3 Parts 1. Anterior Band 2. Posterior Band 3. Axillary pouch between the two (like a sling) Acts as a sling to protect against anterior and inferior instability
40
Coraco-humeral Ligament
Strongest supportive ligament Reinforces rotator cuff interval Limits inferior GH glide and extremes of GH ER
41
Rotator Cuff Interval
Recess between Supra and subscap -Allows translation of coracoid -Reinforced by coracohumeral ligament Scar tissue can form here
42
Scapular Dumping
Inferior orientation of glenoid Humeral head vs. capsule and ligaments E.g. "mousing shoulder" (using a computer mouse)
43
Glenohumeral instability pattern: TUBS
Traumatic Unilateral Bankart Surgery
44
Glenohumeral instability pattern: AMBRI
Atraumatic Multidirectional Bilateral Rehabilitation Inferior Cap Shift - Often can be treated with strengthening dynamic stabilizers
45
Functions of the rotator cuff
1. Humeral rotation and elevation 2. Stabilizes/ Compresses GH Joint 3. Positions the GH joint by counterbalancing upward pull of the deltoid (mechanical) 4. Centers humeral head on glenoid (neuromuscular control)
46
Subscapularis
- Torn with anterior dislocation - Glides humerus inferiorly - Upper subscapular nerve
47
Supraspinatus
- Most commonly torn, can be asymptomatic - Avascular insertion - Suprascapular nerve
48
Infraspinatus
- Involved in most large RC tears - Glides humerus inferiorly - Suprascapular nerve
49
Teres Minor
- Least commonly torn - Glides humerus inferiorly - Axillary nerve
50
Acetabularization
Deltoid overcomes RC strength --> Humerus pulled superiorly --> humeral head + acromion begins to resemble acetabulum
51
Where do the greatest shear forces of the deltoid occur?
60 degrees of elevation | These forces are countered by the RC
52
Long head of biceps
Limits anterior translation when the arm is positioned in ABD and ER
53
Transverse Ligament
Spans from tubercle to tubercle over biceps l.h.
54
Where are the acromial undersurface and the RC most approximated?
Between 60 and 120 degrees of elevation | - "painful arc"
55
"Wringing Out" of Supraspinatus
Abduction decreases compression on supra tendon and increases blood flow to it.
56
Load and Shift manual translation exam
0-3+ grading level of glenumeral anterior translation
57
Anterior Apprehension test
Pt in supine, ABD, ER | + if compression of anterior aspect of GH joint decreases symptoms

Functional Anatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions