Elbow

Question 1

Supracondylar Ridge

Answer 1

On lateral side

Question 2

Carrying Angle

Answer 2

Oblique groove of trochlea –> valgus angle of elbow.
Bring arm toward face in flexion, away from midline in extension
11-14 degrees in males
13-16 degrees in females

Question 3

Gunstock Deformity

Answer 3

Reduction in carrying angle

Question 4

Biceps tendon inserts:

Answer 4

Radial/ bicipital tuberosity

Question 5

Radial Head

Answer 5

• Doesn’t contact humerus in full extension
• Spins on capitulum and radial notch of ulna
• Radial nerve runs right here
• Vulnerable to fx with direct impact or by compression with FOOSH
• Supported by extensor wad and annular ligament

Question 6

Most functional movement of the elbow

Answer 6

Flexion

Functional ROM: 30-130

Question 7

Humeroulnar joint

Answer 7

Modified sellar

Close-packed = extension

Question 8

Radiohumeral joint

Answer 8

Modified ovoid
Close-packed = flexion
*No contact in extension

Question 9

What type of glides increase elbow extension?

Answer 9

A–> P

Question 10

What type of glides increase elbow flexion?

Answer 10

P–>A

Question 11

Ulnar Collateral Ligament

Answer 11

Three parts:

1. Anterior Oblique (primary stabilizer, taut in all ranges)
2. Posterior Oblique (Taut in flexion)
3. Transverse (stabilizes ulnar n.)

Resists valgus force
Vascular/ innervated –> Painful

Question 12

UCL Injury

Answer 12

Medial Traction: UCL, Flexor tendon, Ulnar Nerve
Posterior Compression: Olecranon (fossa)
Lateral Compression: Capitulum, radial head

Question 13

Radial Collateral Ligament

Answer 13

Prevents Varus stretch
Poorly defined
Reinforced by annular ligament

Question 14

Brachioradialis

Answer 14

Largest flexor muscle mass
Most efficient in neutral forearm
Radial nerve

Question 15

Biceps Brachii

Answer 15

Flexes elbow and supinates forearm
Most effective in supination
Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 16

Brachialis

Answer 16

Medial to biceps
Find in pronation
Musculocutaneous nerve

-Brachialis Heterotopic ossification: from over-stretching

Question 17

Triceps

Answer 17

Radial nerve

Question 18

Borders of cubital fossa

Answer 18

Medial: Pronator teres
Lateral: Brachioradialis
Posterior: Brachialis/ Supinator
Anterior: Bicipital Aponerosis

Question 19

Median nerve path near cubital fossa

Answer 19

Under bicipital aponerosis

Between heads of pronator teres

Question 20

Radial nerve pathway

Answer 20

Anterior to lateral epicondyle
Between brachialis and brachioradialis (“radial tunnel”)
Branches into superficial and deep: Posterior interosseous
Through heads of supinator (“arcade of frohse”)

Question 21

Ulnar nerve pathway

Answer 21

From anterior to posterior thorough arcade of struthers
Behind medial epicondyle in ulnar notch
Between heads of flexor carpi ulnaris