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Orthopedic Diagnosis > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

scaption

A

elevation of the glenohumeral joint in the plane of the scapula

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2
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

a true synovial-lined diathrodial joint

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3
Q

glenoid fossa

A

flat, but made 50% deeper by a ring of fibrocartilage called the labrum

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4
Q

labrum

A

a ring of fibrocartilage that makes the glenoid fossa 50% deeper
forms part of the articular surface of the glenohumeral joint
attached to the margin of the glenoid cavity and the joint capsule and contributes to joint stability

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5
Q

scapula

A

the base of the glenohumeral joint
lies on the thoracic cage at 30 deg to the frontal plane, 3 deg superior to he transverse plane, and 20 deg forward in the sagittal plane

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6
Q

acromion morphology

A

flat
slightly convex
hooked (predisposes the shoulder to a rotator cuff injury)

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7
Q

coracoid process

A

acts as a lever for the pec major muscle to help stabilize the scapula
coracobrachialis and short head of the biceps originate here

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8
Q

greater tuberosity

A

attachment for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor

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9
Q

lesser tuberosity

A

attachment for subscapularis

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10
Q

Z ligaments

A

aka glenohumeral ligaments

superior, middle, and inferior

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11
Q

Superior glenohumeral ligament

A

limits external rotation and inferior translation of the humeral head with the arm at the side

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12
Q

middle glemohumeral ligament

A

limits external rotation and anterior translaiton of the humeral head with the arm in 0 and 45 deg of abduction

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13
Q

inferior glenohumeral ligament

A

consists of an anterior band, posterior band, and axillary pouch with varying functions

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14
Q

coracohumeral ligament

A

consists of two bands that join near the acromion and prevents AC joint separation

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15
Q

Subacromial space

A

contains the long head of the biceps tendon, supraspinatus, and upper margins of subscapularis and infraspinatus, subdeltoid and subacromial bursae
narrowest between 60 and 120 deg of scaption

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16
Q

Impingement syndrome

A

pain in the subacromial space when the humerus is elevated or internally rotated
supraspinatus tendon and bursa become entrapped between the acromion and greater tuberosity
once the supraspinatus tendon is disrupted there will often be further impingement and irritation which can lead to biceps tendonitis and further rupture
thought to precipitate attritional changes in the rotator cuff leading to a tear

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17
Q

Clinical Findings of Impingement Syndrome

A

pain will often become worse at night as the subacromial bursa becomes hyperemic after use

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18
Q

subacromial bursa

A

one of the largest bursae in the body

provides two smooth serosal layers, one adhered to the overlying deltoid and the other to the rotator cuff beneath

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19
Q

Erb’s Palsy

A

aka erb-duchenne paralysis
upper brachial plexus injury from forceful depression of the shoulder
patient presents with internally rotated and adducted shoulder (waiter’s tip position)
biceps reflex is lost and there is muscle wasting; some elbow and hand motion may be present

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20
Q

Klumpke’s Palsy

A

aka Klumpke-Dejerine Paralysis
Lower brachial plexus injury from forceful pulling of the upper arm
impairment of wrist flexion and movements of the intrinsic muscles of the hand

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21
Q

Shoulder complex vascularization

A

thoracoacromial, suprahumeral, and subscapular arteries

22
Q

Close packed position of the glenohumeral Joint

A

90 deg of abduction and full external rotation; or full abduction and external rotation

23
Q

Open packed position of the glenohumeral joint

A

55 deg of semiabduction and 30 deg of horizontal adduction without internal or external rotation

24
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

diarthrodial joint formed by acromion and lateral end of the clavicle
serves as the main articulation suspending the upper extremity from the trunk and is the joint about which the scapula moves

25
Q

coracoclavicular ligaments

A

conoid and trapezoid

mainly provide vertical stability, with control of superior and anterior translation as well as anterior axial rotation

26
Q

AC joint innervation

A

suprascapular, lateral pectoral, and axillary nerves

27
Q

AC joint blood supply

A

suprascapular and thoracoacromial arteries

28
Q

Scapulothoracic joint

A

functionally a joint, but lacks characteristics of a true synovial joint
plays a significant role in all motions of the shoulder complex

29
Q

sternoclavicular joint close packed position

A

maximum arm elevation and protraction

30
Q

sternoclavicular joint open packed position

A

yet to be determined but likely when the arm is by the side

31
Q

sternoclavicular joint ligaments

A

anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
interclavicular ligament
costoclavicular ligament

32
Q

Tietze’s syndrome

A

aka costochondritis
etiology unknown, pain and swelling of one or more costocartilages, overlying skin is reddened, swelling may persist for months

33
Q

scapular pivoters

A

trapezius, serratus anterior, levator scapulae, and rhomboids

34
Q

humeral propellers

A

latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major and minor

35
Q

humeral positioners

A

all three parts of deltoid

36
Q

shouder protectors

A

rotator cuff muscles, biceps

37
Q

scapulohumeral rhythm

A

the combination and synchronization of motions between the scapula and humerus during arm elevation
2:1 ratio between motion at GH joint and scapula, respectively

38
Q

Frozen shoulder

A

adhesive capsulitis
inflammation of the synovial layers causing an outpouring of secretion exudate leading to formation of adhesions
no GH movement
progressive motion limitation and concomitant muscle atrophy

39
Q

Herpes Zoster

A

aka shingles

chicken pox related, severe neuralgic pain, unilateral clear crops of vesicles along the course of a cutaneous nerve

40
Q

Anterior GH dislocation

A

most common
95% recurrence after initial event
squaring off appearance of the shoulder

41
Q

Sprengels Deformity

A

congenital, develops prior to the third month of skeletal development
partially undescended shoulder
2:1 female predominance

42
Q

scapular winging

A

paralysis of serratus anterior due to long thoracic nerve damage

43
Q

Scheuermann’s Disease

A

aka juvenile kyphosis
at least three continuous segments are wedges more than 5 deg
slight male predominance
etiology unknown

44
Q

Scoliosis

A

60-80% women

lateral curvature of the thoracic spine with vertebral body rotation

45
Q

Muscles prone to tightness

A 
upper trap
levator scapulae
pec major and minor
upper cervical extensors
scm
scalenes
teres major and minor
46
Q

Muscles prone to inactivity or lengthening

A 
lower and middle trap
rhomboids
serratus anterior
deep neck flexors
subscapularis
spuraspinatus
infraspinatus
47
Q

shoulder flexion

A

180 degrees

48
Q

shoulder extension

A

60 degrees

49
Q

shoulder abduction

A

180 degrees

50
Q

shoulder adduction

A

50 degrees

51
Q

shoulder external rotation

A

90 degrees

52
Q

shoulder internal rotation

A

70 degrees

Orthopedic Diagnosis (10 decks)

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