Cervical Spine

Question 1

Anterior Cervical Osteophytes

Answer 1

Common bony growths on the front of the spine

occasionally will push against the back of the throat and make swallowing difficult

Question 2

Unilateral Facet Dislocation

Answer 2

the superior facet of the contralateral side moves anterior-superior over the tip of the inferior articular facet of the involved side, resulting in placement in the intervertebral foramen anterior to the inferior facet

Question 3

Intervertebral foramina

Answer 3

serve as the principal routes of entry and exit for the neurovascular systems to and from the vertebral canal
vulnerable to narrowing with certain motions of ostephyte growth

Question 4

Cervicothoracic junction

Answer 4

comprises the C7-T1 segment

forms the thoracic outlet through which the neurovascular structures of the upper extremities pass

Question 5

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 5

narrower in the upper c spines but wider in the lower c spine than in the thoracic

Question 6

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 6

the ligament is broader and considerably thicker in the cervical region than in the thoracic and lumbar regions

Question 7

torticollis

Answer 7

aka wry neck
etiology varies and often cannot be defined
often associated with injury to SCM on one side
the muscles transformation into a fibrous cord that cannot lengthen

Question 8

Whiplash syndrome

Answer 8

Hyperextension followed by hyperflexion
dynamic injuries to the spine cause a genuine pathological insult that causes prolonged distress and disability, often lasting for several years of after the accident

Question 9

SCM

Answer 9

largest muscle in the anterior neck

Motor supply is from the accessory nerve and sensory from C2 and C3

Question 10

Levator Scapulae

Answer 10

major stabilizer and elevator of the superior angle of the scapula

Question 11

Clay Shoveler’s Fracture

Answer 11

a type of hyperflexion avulsion injury
fracture of the spinous process at the base, caused by sudden exertions of the muscular attachments and can be caused by flexion injuries

Question 12

where does a clay shoveler’s fracture most commonly occur?

Answer 12

C7 > C6 > T1

Question 13

Scalenes

Answer 13

extend obliquely like a ladder and share a critical relationship with the subclavian artery
adaptive shortening of these muscles will affect mobility in the upper c spine

Question 14

Which muscle is implicated in thoracic outlet syndrome?

Answer 14

the scalenes

Question 15

Thoracic Outlet syndrome

Answer 15

occurs when the size and shape of the outlet is compressed or narrowed
can happen because of posture, muscle tightness, exercise, trauma, pregnancy, or a cervical rib

Question 16

Which muscles are tested when doing a C5 nerve root evaluation

Answer 16

Deltoid and biceps

Question 17

What nerve innervates the deltoid

Answer 17

axillary nerve

Question 18

which nerve innervates the biceps

Answer 18

musculocutaneous

Question 19

Which muscles are tested when doing a C6 nerve root evaluation

Answer 19

wrist extension-

extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 20

Which nerve innervates extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis, as well as extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 20

radial

Question 21

Which muscles are tested when doing a C7 nerve root evaluation

Answer 21

triceps
flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris
extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis profundus, extensor digiti minimi

Question 22

What nerve innervates the triceps?

Answer 22

radial

Question 23

which nerve innervats flexor carpi radialis?

Answer 23

median

Question 24

which nerve innervates flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 24

ulnar nerve

Question 25

Which nerve innervates extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis profundus, extensor digiti minimi?

Answer 25

radial

Question 26

which muscles are tested when doing a C8 nerve root evaluation

Answer 26

flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorus profundus, and the lumbricals

Question 27

Which muscles are tested when doing a T1 nerve root evaluation

Answer 27

dorsal interossei, palmer interossei

Question 28

which nerve innervates the dorsal and palmer interossei

Answer 28

ulnar nerve

Question 29

Jefferson Fracture

Answer 29

aka burst

axial load/vertebral compression

Question 30

Hangman’s Fracture

Answer 30

fracture of pars interarticularis at C2 and disruption of C2-C3 junction