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Orthopedic Diagnosis > Leg, Foot, & Ankle > Flashcards

Leg, Foot, & Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

number of bones in the foot and ankle

A

28, including two sesamoid

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2
Q

sesamoiditis

A

inflammation of the sesamoid bones

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3
Q

number of articulations in the foot and ankle

A

55, including 30 synovial joints

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4
Q

Rear foot

A

aka hindfoot

made up of talus and calcaneus

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5
Q

midfoot

A

made up of the navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms

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6
Q

forefoot

A

made up of the 14 bones of the toes, 5 metatarsals, and medial and lateral sesamoids

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7
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint

A

classified as a syndesmosis

common area of diastasis (separating ankle bones due to injury)

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8
Q

talocrural joint

A

ankle joint
classified as a synovial hinge or modified sellar joint
formed between talus and distal tibia

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9
Q

Primary motions at the talocrural joint

A

dosiflexion and plantarflexion

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10
Q

close packed position of the talocrural joint

A

weight bearing dorsiflexion

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11
Q

open packed position of the talocrural joint

A

midway between supination and pronation

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12
Q

Subtalar joint

A

aka talocalcaneal joint

synovial, bicondylar compound joint composed of two separate, modified ovid surfaces with their own joint cavities

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13
Q

subtalar joint supination and pronation are measured by

A

the amount of calcaneal (hindfoot) inversion and eversion

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14
Q

close packed position of the subtalar joint

A

full inversion

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15
Q

open packed position of the subtalar joint

A

inversion/plantar flexion

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16
Q

superficial talocalcaneal joint ligaments

A

posterior talocalcaneal and lateral calcaneal

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17
Q

deep talocalcaneal joint ligaments

A

interosseus, cervical, and axial ligaments

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18
Q

midtarsal joint complex

A

made up of the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid articulations

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19
Q

Talonavicular joint

A

synovial, compound, modified ovoid joint

formed by talus, navicular, calcaneus, and spring ligament

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20
Q

spring ligament

A

aka plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

connects the navicular bone to the sustentaculum tali on the calcaneus

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21
Q

calcaneocubiod joint

A

simple, synovial, modified sellar joint

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22
Q

ligaments of the calcaneocuboid joint

A

long plantar ligament and a portion of the bifurcate ligament

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23
Q

cuneonavicular joint

A

compound, synovial, modified ovoid joint

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24
Q

Intercuneiform and cuneocubiod joints

A

compound, synovial, modified ovoid joints

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25
Q

Cubometatarsal joint

A

when considered alone, a compound, modified ovoid, synovial joint

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26
Q

Cubonavicular joint

A

syndesmosis/plane surfaced joint

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27
Q

Intermetatarsal joints

A

the first is classified as SIMPLE synovial modified ovoid and the second third and fourth are classifies as COMPOUND

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28
Q

MTP Joints

A

simple synovial modified ovoid

29
Q

IP Joints

A

simple synovial modified sellar joints

30
Q

Claw toe

A

hyperextension of the MTP joints and flexion of the PIP and DIP joints

31
Q

hammer toe

A

hyperextension of the MTP and DIP joints and flexion of the PIP

32
Q

Mallet toe

A

hyperflexion of the DIP joint with callus formation of the dorsum of the affected joint

33
Q

hallux valgus

A

lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx of the first toe with pain on the medial side of the 1st MTP which can result in external rotation of the first ray

34
Q

Bunion at the fifth MTP

A

tailors bunion or a bunionette

35
Q

Plantar fascia runs

A

from os calcis and inserts through a complex network to the plantar forefoot

36
Q

pes cavus

A

abnormally high arch

37
Q

pes planus

A

absent arch

38
Q

Anterior compartment of extrinsic muscles of the foot

A

dorsiflexors

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum, extensor hallucis longus, and peroneus tertius

39
Q

tibialis anterior

A

strongest dorsiflexor

40
Q

loss of tibialis anterior strength can lead to

A

steppage or drop-foot gait

41
Q

Posterior superficial compartment of extrinsic muscles of the foot

A

located posterior to the interosseous membrane, contains plantarflexors
gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris

42
Q

posterior deep compartment of extrinsic muscles of the foot

A

foot flexors

posterior tibialis, fleexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus

43
Q

Lateral compartment compartment of extrinsic muscles of the foot

A

peroneus longus and brevis

44
Q

intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

divided into four layers

45
Q

first layer of the intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum brevis

46
Q

second layer of the intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

flexor digitorum accessorius (quadratus plantae), the lumbricals

47
Q

third layer of the intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis

48
Q

fourth layer of the intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

dorsal and plantar interossei

49
Q

Dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis

50
Q

Arches of the foot

A

medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse

51
Q

medial longitudinal arch

A

made up of the first three digits, their metatarsals, the cuneiforms, navicular and talus

52
Q

lateral longitudinal arch

A

made up of digits 4 and 5, their metatarsals, the cubiod, and calcaneus

53
Q

the transverse arch

A

formed by the five metatarsal bones

54
Q

dropped transverse arch leads to

A

excessive pressure between the metatarsal heads

can lead to morton’s neuroma

55
Q

the saphenous nerve

A

largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve

supplies the medial aspect of the foot

56
Q

the sciatic nerve

A

provides sensory and motor innervation to the foot and leg

57
Q

sciatic nerve divides into

A

the common peroneal and tibial nerves

58
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve due to tunnel compression or stretching

59
Q

MOI in tarsal tunnel

A

repetitive hyperflexion or hyperextension motion resulting in tenosynovitis with constriction of the posterior tibial nerve

60
Q

motion in the frontal plane

A

inversion and eversion

61
Q

motion in the sagittal plane

A

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

62
Q

motion in the horizontal plane

A

adduction and abduction

63
Q

triplane motion

A

movement about an obliquely oriented axis through all three body planes
pronation and supination are considered triplanar

64
Q

where does triplanar motion occur

A

the talocrural, subtalar, and midtarsal joints, and at the first and fifth rays

65
Q

supination is a combined motion of

A

adduction, plantarflexion, and inversion

66
Q

Normal alignment of the first MTP lies between

A

5 degrees varus and 15 degrees valgus

67
Q

Gout

A

purine metabolism disorder leads to deposition of sodium monourate crystals into joint capsules and subq tissues

68
Q

prevalence of gout

A

20:1 in males, ages 40-60

69
Q

symptoms can be referred to the foot and ankle from

A

L4-S2 nerve roots

Orthopedic Diagnosis (10 decks)

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