Shoulder

Question 1

What are the components of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 1

Clavicle, Scapula

These bones work together to facilitate shoulder movement.

Question 2

Describe the shoulder joint.

Answer 2

Multiaxial, ball and socket type of synovial joint with 3 degrees of freedom.

It allows for extensive movement in various directions.

Question 3

Name the rotator cuff muscles.

Answer 3

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis

These muscles stabilize the shoulder joint.

Question 4

What movements are associated with the shoulder joint?

Answer 4

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Medial rotation, Lateral rotation, Circumduction

These movements are facilitated by various muscles.

Question 5

What joints make up the shoulder girdle?

Answer 5

Sternoclavicular joint, Acromioclavicular joint, Glenohumeral joint, Scapulo-thoracic joint

These joints contribute to the overall function and movement of the shoulder complex.

Question 6

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 6

Saddle synovial joint

It allows for movement in multiple directions.

Question 7

What are the movements allowed by the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 7

Elevation, Depression, Protraction, Retraction, Some rotation

These movements are essential for shoulder mobility.

Question 8

What ligaments are associated with the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 8

Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, Interclavicular ligament, Costoclavicular ligament

These ligaments provide stability to the joint.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The acromioclavicular joint is a ________ joint.

Answer 9

Plane synovial

This joint allows for limited movement.

Question 10

What ligaments are found in the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 10

Acromioclavicular ligament, Coracoclavicular ligament, Trapezoid ligament, Conoid ligament

These ligaments support the joint.

Question 11

What is the scapulohumeral rhythm?

Answer 11

For every 15° of elevation, scapular movement is 5° and glenohumeral movement is 10° (ratio 1:2)

This rhythm is crucial for coordinated shoulder movement.

Question 12

What are the primary muscles responsible for shoulder flexion?

Answer 12

Pectoralis major (clavicular head), Deltoid (anterior fibres), Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii

These muscles work together to lift the arm forward.

Question 13

Which muscles are primarily responsible for shoulder abduction?

Answer 13

0°-15° - Supraspinatus, 15°-90° - Deltoid, 90°-180° - Trapezius, Serratus anterior

These muscles facilitate lifting the arm sideways.

Question 14

True or False: The glenohumeral joint has a fibrocartilaginous collar called the glenoid labrum.

Answer 14

True

The labrum deepens the socket for better stability.

Question 15

What is the innervation of the shoulder joint?

Answer 15

Axillary nerve, Suprascapular nerve, Lateral pectoral nerve, Subscapular nerve

These nerves are branches of the brachial plexus.

Question 16

What is the blood supply to the shoulder joint?

Answer 16

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries, Suprascapular artery

These branches arise from the axillary artery.

Question 17

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 17

Synovial ball-and-socket joint; multiaxial

This allows for a wide range of motion.

Question 18

What is a common clinical issue associated with the shoulder?

Answer 18

Dislocations

The most common type is anteroinferior dislocation.

Question 19

Define ‘frozen shoulder’.

Answer 19

Inflammation of the rotator cuff leading to limited mobility

This condition can cause significant pain and disability.