Knee

Question 1

What are the important bony structures of the knee region?

Answer 1

Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella

Key bony structures include the femur, tibia, fibula, and patella, each with specific features that contribute to knee function.

Question 2

What are the main soft tissue structures related to the knee joint?

Answer 2

Ligaments, Menisci, Joint capsule, Bursae

These structures provide stability, mobility, and cushioning for the knee joint.

Question 3

List the main muscles causing flexion at the knee joint.

Answer 3

• Hamstrings
• Biceps femoris
• Semimembranosus
• Semitendinosus
• Gastrocnemius
• Gracilis
• Sartorius

These muscles work together to flex the knee, allowing for movement.

Question 4

What is the anatomical function of the patella?

Answer 4

Acts as an anatomical pulley for the quadriceps muscle

The patella enhances the leverage of the quadriceps during knee extension.

Question 5

Define the knee joint.

Answer 5

Synovial bicondylar joint, complex hinge joint

This classification indicates the knee’s ability to perform flexion, extension, and limited rotation.

Question 6

What are the two types of ligaments in the knee joint?

Answer 6

• Extracapsular ligaments
• Intracapsular ligaments

These ligaments provide structural support and stability to the knee joint.

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a strong, thick fibrous band extending from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity.

Answer 7

Patellar ligament

The patellar ligament is a critical structure for knee stability.

Question 8

What is the function of the menisci in the knee joint?

Answer 8

Provide congruence and shock absorption

The menisci help distribute weight and reduce friction during knee movements.

Question 9

True or False: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevents posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur.

Answer 9

False

The ACL primarily prevents anterior displacement of the tibia.

Question 10

What are the main movements of the knee joint?

Answer 10

• Flexion
• Extension
• Medial rotation
• Lateral rotation

These movements allow for a range of activities, from walking to jumping.

Question 11

What is a Baker’s cyst?

Answer 11

Fluid-filled swelling that develops at the back of the knee

It often occurs due to conditions that cause knee joint swelling, such as arthritis.

Question 12

What is the ‘terrible triad’ in knee injuries?

Answer 12

Tears of the cruciate ligament, tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus

This injury is often associated with sports that involve lateral movements.

Question 13

What nerve innervates the knee joint?

Answer 13

Femoral nerve, Tibial nerve, Common fibular nerve

These nerves provide sensory and motor functions to the knee.

Question 14

What is patellar tendinitis also known as?

Answer 14

Jumper’s knee

This condition is common among athletes involved in jumping sports.

Question 15

What is the main function of the popliteus muscle?

Answer 15

Unlocks the knee from full extension

The popliteus muscle allows for rotation of the tibia and initiates flexion.

Question 16

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 16

• Biceps femoris tendon (superolateral)
• Semimembranosus and semitendinosus (superomedial)
• Gastrocnemius (inferomedial and inferolateral)

The popliteal fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the knee, containing important neurovascular structures.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The _______ ligament restricts excessive sideways movement of the knee.

Answer 17

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

This ligament plays a critical role in stabilizing the medial aspect of the knee joint.

Question 18

What is the primary blood supply to the knee joint?

Answer 18

Femoral artery, Popliteal artery

These arteries provide essential nutrients and oxygen to the knee structures.