Short Term Response to Exercise

Question 1

Which side of the heart is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 1

Right

Question 2

What does the pulmonary circulation do?

Answer 2

Receives deoxygenated blood from the muscles & other tissues and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation

Question 3

Which side of the heart is systemic circulation?

Answer 3

Left

Question 4

What does systemic circulation do?

Answer 4

Heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the muscles & other tissues of the body

Question 5

What do arteries do?

Answer 5

Take blood away from the heart

Question 6

What are characteristics of arteries?

Answer 6

Thick muscular wan and a small lumen - cope with pressure of the blood leaving the heart.

Question 7

What happens when arteries get further away from the heart?

Answer 7

They branch into smaller arterioles and then into tiny capillaries

Question 8

What are capillaries?

Answer 8

They are one cell thick to allow for the exchange of gases (diffusion)

Question 9

What do veins do?

Answer 9

Bring blood into the heart.

Question 10

What are characteristics of veins?

Answer 10

Large lumen and pocket valves to stop back-flow of blood

Question 11

In order to return blood to the heart what must the veins do?

Answer 11

The capillaries combine into smaller venues and then into larger reins.

Question 12

What do capillaries surround in the systemic circuit?

Answer 12

Au active tissues that require oxygen and nutrients

Question 13

Where is oxygen delivered and carbon dioxide removed?

Answer 13

Capillaries surrounding active muscles.in the systemic circuit

Question 14

Where are capillaries in the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 14

Surrounding the lung tissues

Question 15

What happens in the capillaries of the pulmonary circuit?? Me

Answer 15

Carbon dioxide is delivered and exchanged for oxygen to go back to the heart.

Question 16

What is the regulation of blood flow?

Answer 16

Vascular shunting

Question 17

What does our muscles need when we exercise?

Answer 17

More oxygen and nutrients

Question 18

How do our muscles get more oxygen and nutrients?

Answer 18

Blood vessels widen to increase blood flow - vasodilation.

Question 19

How is blood how restricted?

Answer 19

Blood vessels narrow - vasoconstriction.

Question 20

What can also control blood flow to specific areas?

Answer 20

Precapillary sphincters

Question 21

What does myogenic mean?

Answer 21

It can generate its own electrical impulses and doesn’t require brain stimulation

Question 22

What are the 4 stages of one heart beat - cardiac cycle?

Answer 22

Atrial diastole
Ventricular diastole
Atrial systole
Ventricular diastole

Question 23

What is diastole?

Answer 23

When the heart is relaxing and filling with blood

Question 24

What is systole?

Answer 24

When the heart is contracting and forcing blood around the two circuits

Question 25

Where is the electrical signal in the heart generated?

Answer 25

Sinoatrial node ( SAN)

Question 26

Where do the SA node fibres spread the electrical impulses to?

Answer 26

Throughout the heart via the cardiac conduction system.

Question 27

What is the cardiac conduction system?

Answer 27

Cardiac diastole SA node fibres Impulse causes atrial systole Impulse delayed at AV node Impulse passes bundle of his and bundle branches Impulse passes along the purkinje fibres Causing ventricular systole

Question 28

What are the certrioventricular values called?

Answer 28

Tricuspid valve - right side Bicuspid value - left side

Question 29

What are the semi-lunar valves called?

Answer 29

Pulmonary valve - right side Aortic valve - left side

Question 30

What does blood consist of?

Answer 30

Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma

Question 31

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 31

Transport of gases and nutrients Regulation of body temperate Protection and healing

Question 32

At rest, how much blood volume is stored in veins?

Answer 32

65%

Question 33

What is venous return?

Answer 33

The flow of blood that returns to the heart via the venules and veins

Question 34

What are venous return mechanisms?

Answer 34

Skeletal muscle pump Pocket value Respiratory pump Cardiac suction

Question 35

What is the skeletal muscle pump?

Answer 35

When skeletal muscles compress the veins during movement, they force blood back towards the heart.

Question 36

What are pocket valves?

Answer 36

In veins and venules pocket valves assist venous return by stopping backflow

Question 37

What is the respiratory pump?

Answer 37

Inhalation-pressure inside the thoracic cavity decreases - lung area Causing small flow of blood towards the chest Exercise - ventilation increases, pressure ventilation increases, pulling more blood back towards the heart

Question 38

What is cardiac suction?

Answer 38

As ventricles contracts the atrioventricular valves are pulled down increasing size atria Causing a pressure difference between the atria and the veins, 'sucking' blood towards the heart

Question 39

What is cardiac dynamics?

Answer 39

The performance of the heart during rest and exercise is dependant on stroke volume and cardiac output.

Question 40

What is stroke volume?

Answer 40

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricles per beat

Question 41

What is cardiac output?

Answer 41

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart per minute

Question 42

What increases cardiac output?

Answer 42

Increase in stroke volume or heart rate

Question 43

What happens to cardiac output when we start to exercise?

Answer 43

Heat beats faster increasing cardiac output

Question 44

What is starlings law?

Answer 44

Cardiac output is dependant on the extensibility (stretchiness) of cardiac muscle fibres

Question 45

What happens to the cardiac tissue during diastole?

Answer 45

Stretched out

Question 46

What happens to cardio tissue during systole?

Answer 46

'Pings' back, forcefully ejecting the blood

Question 47

What happens to venous return and cardiac tissue during exercise?

Answer 47

Venous return increases Cardiac muscles stretched out Causing a more powerful contraction, forcing more blood each beat.