Health and Fitnness Flashcards
What factors can influence the type of lifestyle we have?
Education
Friends
Family
Access to health and fitness facilities
Economic status
Role models
What are poor lifestyle choices?
Sedentary lifestyle - lack of physical activity
Smoking
Poor diet - high sugar, saturated fats or calories
Alcohol - bing
Drug use
How is obesity caused?
Sedentary behaviour and increased calorific intake
Positive energy balance - too many calories eaten compared to calories burned
Where does coronary heart disease occur?
Coronary arteries - supple heart muscle oxygenated blood - blocked or start to narrow by a gradual build up of fatty deposits containing cholesterol
What is it called when the arteries become blocked?
Atherosclerosis
What does atherosclerosis do?
Narrow blood vessels increasing blood pressure
What are fatty deposits called?
Atheroma or plaque
What is arteriosclerosis?
The restriction of vasoconstriction and vasodilation
What causes a heart attack?
A piece of atheroma breaks off in the coronary artery, it can cause a blood clot - blockage forming
Why does a blockage cause a heart attack?
Blocks supply of oxygenated blood to the heart
What does the brain need?
A constant supply of oxygen and nutrients (glucose) to maintain its function
What causes a stroke?
An atheroma breaks off and blocks a capillary in the brain
What happens of the blood supply to the brain is blocked?
Lead to brain injury or even death
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure
What causes hypertension?
When atherosclerosis develops the blood vessels narrow.
What does hypertension do?
Puts extra strain on the arteries and the heart.
What is blood pressure?
The force exerted by blood against the blood vessels wall.
What factors lead to high blood pressure?
Obesity
Smoking
Lack of sleep
High salt in diet
High fats/cholesterol in diet
What can happen if high blood pressure is left untreated?
Heart disease
Heart failure
Kidney disease
Stroke
Dementia
When does type 2 diabetes occur?
When the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels.
What does secreting mean?
The production und discharge of something.
How does the body control blood glucose levels?
Secreting the hormone insulin from the pancreas.
What does smoking cause?
Atherosclerosis
CHD
Cancer
Respiratory disease
What does recreational drugs cause?
Addiction
Cancer
CHD
Dementia
