Short Term metabolism Flashcards
substrate def
macronutrients, food to energy
bioenergetics def
process of turning substratse to energy.
macronutrients to atp
metabolism def
any chemical rxn in body
catabolism def
breaking things down
anabolism def
building things up
calorie def
amount of heat required to raise 1 Liter of water by 1 degree C
kcal/ gram of Carbs, fats, and proteins
CHO is 4
Protein is 4
Fat is 9
what are CHO converted to
glucose
what is the primary atp substrate for muslces/brain
Carbohydrates
how is glusocse stored in liver/muscles
as glycogen
what does insulin do
promote the storage of glucose as glycogen because it takes out of glood to lower bloodsugar
how many kcal can our body store in CHO form? and fat form?
2,500 CHO
75,0000 fat
what exercise type are fats used for
they are an energy substrate for prolonged, less intense exercise
what are the 3 types of fats
unstarated (good), saturated (bad), and trans
what are the building blocks for our muslces
proteins
at what point is protein used as an energy substrate
during starvation
what is gluconeogenesis
glucose creation from non-carbohydrates
lipogenesis def
creation of fats/lipids from glucose
alcohol kcal/gram?
7
why isnt protein really used for energy?
it would have to break down muslces
what are the 2 factors that control the rate of energy production
substrate availability
enzyme activity
what is an enzyme do
facilitates the breakdwon of substrates
they do not start rxn’s but they do speed them up
what 2 things affect enzymes
temperature and pH
what breaks down ATP
ATPase
what are the 2 ways to control the pathway
negative feedback loop
botleneck of the pathway
what does the negative feedback loop notion mean
that an excess of substrate feeds back to beginning to slow it down so there isnt too much
what does the idea of the bottlneck refer to
the fact that the rate limiter is a way to control the rate of the pathway
what is the point of breaking down ATP
to release energy
how do you use by-products to synthesis ATP
ADP and Pi can be taken and made back into ATP because we dont store ATP
what is hydrolysis
the breakdown of ATP when H2O is present
